GS4 · 10 marks · 150 words

Why did Gunnar Myrdal use the term 'soft state' in the context of South Asia? Do you think such a characterisation is still relevant in the case of India today?

Answered by 10 toppers · CSE 2017–2019

Syllabus: Public/Civil service values and Ethics in Public administration: Status and problems; ethical concerns and dilemmas in government and private institutions; laws, rules, regulations and conscience as sources of ethical guidance; accountability and ethical governance; strengthening of ethical and moral values in governance; ethical issues in international relations and funding; corporate governance.

How toppers approached it

From all 10 answers · about 170 words.

Opening

  • A definition60%
  • No separate opening30%
  • A restatement10%

Body

  • Points50%
  • Continuous prose40%
  • Points and prose10%

Close

  • No separate close50%
  • A summary40%
  • A way forward10%

The toppers’ answers

Junaid AhmadAIR 3 · CSE 2018 · 210 wordsTheir whole copy

Opening · a definition

Soft state refers to the state which is unable to enforce policies and laws effectively due to lack of administrative and social discipline. In the context of South Asia, Gunnar Myrdal used this term because of the prevalence of corruption, non-compliance with rules, and a lack of social discipline in the region.

Regarding India today, this characterisation is debatable:

Body · points and prose

  • Soft power:
  • Values of India 'Vasudhaiva kutumbakam' or world as one family is respected by all.
  • Diversity - All the major religions are there with Indian diaspora to the tune of 31 million in the world.
  • Festivals like Holi, Deepawali are celebrated all across the world.
  • Indian Bollywood is seen in all parts with great influence.
  • Along with it, India as a voice of developing countries with policies like NAM, Panchsheel had set an example.

In present times, the use of soft and hard power is there for national interest.

Hard power:

  • Credible Nuclear power.
  • 3rd largest military in the world.
  • Indigenous space program with mission like MOM, Chandrayaan.
  • 2nd largest importer of weapons.

Close

The recent surgical strikes further asserted the hard power of India with a balance of soft power which was reflected in the Madison square speech in U.S.A.

More on Civil Service Values

Public and civil service values and ethics in public administration: their status, and the problems of holding to them.

All GS4 questions on Civil Service Values