The excluded and marginalized section of society are worst hit by globalization. Take the case of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) like Sentinelese of Andaman & Nicobar islands; their population has reduced drastically and they are facing various other problems as well. In this context answer the following questions: (a) What are the challenges faced by PVTGs due to globalisation? (b) If you are posted as a Development Officer in such an area, what will be your priorities to reduce their vulnerabilities and ensure welfare?

Ethical Issues Involved (a) Poverty vs Equality (b) State's responsibility vs abdication of it (c) Societal heirarchy vs Egalitarianism (d) Majority vs Minority.

(a) Dhebar committee in 1960's recommended the creation of subgroup within the tribal population. PVTG were thus created with certain

characteristics

• Relative isolation
• Shyness from outside world
• Primitive activities of hunting and gathering
• low socio-economic indicators.

Challenges faced by PVTGs due to globalisation. (i) Influx of outsiders It has resulted in a change in societal pattern. Money lenders have infiltrated in making tribals dependent on them. (ii) Alienation from forest land Due to the developmental projects, these people are displaced in the name of development e.g Sardar sarovar dam displacement. (iii) Violation of forest rights Forest officials are wrath to these people. Their minor collection of forest produce, medicines all gets effected due to it.

(iv) Desease vectors Due to migration in and out-wards, new diseases have swept in these places. Tribals immunity is less resulting in deaths e.g Malaria deaths in odisha

(v) Tourism In Islands like Andaman & Nicobar, tourists encroach in their land. This creates problem as polythenes left over by tourist are many a times eaten up by tribals.

(b) As a development officer I have to ensure that their rights are not violated and their welfare secured.

First I will form a committee of inter department to ensure merging of schemes related to them.

I will also set up a taskforce to look into the implementation of such schemes

Along with that

(i) Ensuring forest rights act implementation. Title rights to land, right on forest produce will be protected.

(ii) Sensitizing forest officials regarding the need of these groups.

(iii) Ensuring benefits of reservation in health, education and employment reach to these people.

(iv) Education → Jawahar Navodayalaya Residential tribal school

Health → Insurance and other facilities in Public health centre.

(v) Tourism policy to restrict tourist in core areas of the tribal.

(vi) Proper rehabiltation policy in case of displacement.