Why does India need to transition from a 'build to print' to a 'build to design' model in manufacturing? What steps has been taken by the government in this regard?

1. Stagnant manufacturing contribution to GDP → [17%]

2. Design infrastructure → more earnings as compared to assembly/print [eg] Japan earns more on cars, USA on Iphone as compared to China.

3. Utilize 'demographic dividend', talent pool and prevent 'brain drain'. (Silicon valley - design engineers)

4. Ensures end-to-end supply chain and thus more 'export earnings'

5. Reduce dependencies on foreign countries

6. More competitive exports if design in India (input costs reduced)

7. Create huge R&D infrastructure

Steps by government →

1. DLI scheme (Design linked incentive) for promoting sunrise sectors
2. National Anusandhan Research Foundation for private sector nudging in R&D
3. Semicon India programe → Has module for fabrication and design and not just assembly-testing.
4. Promoting Design schools, foreign universities → Deakin in Gift city