The future of digital innovation depends on self-reliant, domain-specific AI capabilities. In this context, bring out the key considerations in developing Indigenous AI models and tools. Suggest measures to build an enabling ecosystem for AI innovation in India. What initiatives have been taken by the government in this regard?

1. National security to ensure robust deterrance capability → AI weapons.

2. Part of global value chains → USA restricting High power GPU chips exports.

3. linked with critical minerals and rare-earth → China's 90% monopoly.

4. Demographic development → AI, coding engineers and utilize talent.

5. Spillover effects on other industries → Deepseek of China → benefits various sectors.

6. Prevent global disruption and display own strength.

7. Reduce external dependence → USA

Measures to build enabling ecosystem →

1. Future skilling and training via dedicated institutes → AI hubs as per Kamakoti committee on AI.

2. Legislative framework that promote innovation and does not disrupt → EU's AI Act.

3. Promote private sector participation in R&D and Startups → OLA-AI

4. Capital subsidies and infusion of credit

5. Industry-Academia Linkages → Improve R&D budget from 0.7% to 2%.

6. Develop Capabilities in semiconductors, Chips etc

Initiatives already taken →

1. India AI Mission → 10,000 crore ↳ Create own generative AI ↳ leverage models and tools.

2. NASSCOM's Skilling programme → Futureskill Prime.

3. Semicon India programme → 76k crore for semiconductor plants eg Micron, Tata

4. Buying GPU's on giving on rental basis to startups.

5. Startup India seedfund Scheme (SFIFS)

6. Removing Angel tax

7. Bletchly declaration for AI.