'The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) regime in India remains weak and is often reduced to a procedural formality.' In light of this statement, examine the key challenges in EIA implementation and suggest reforms.

Key challenges →

1. Rules not followed → Public hearing not done in 80% cases.

2. Private sector Consultancy involved in EIA reports → Corruption and biased results.

3. Lack of inter-agency unification and auditing of reports.

4. Poor State level EIA for state industries. (No capacity, resources).

5. Exemptions leading to misuse of rules and misappropriation.

Reforms Needed

1. Digitize EIA process → with only certification after due process followed.
2. Compulsory public hearing on EIA.
3. Government empanelled firms, NGO's for EIA process and mandatory audits.
4. Review legislative framework → reduce gaps.
5. National Green Tribunal → more resources needed.