GS2 · Topic
Global Institutions
The UN, WTO, IMF, World Bank and multilateral fora.
72 UPSC Mains GS2 questions on Global Institutions that toppers answered in test series, CSE 2017–2025, most answered first. Open one to see how toppers opened, built and closed it.
NATO, a collective defence organization, formed during the heydays of cold war has outlived its utility in a world increasingly ascribing to multipolar ideals. Analyse.
10 marks · 150 words · Answered by 1 topper
Regional GroupingsGlobal Institutions
The current composition of the UNSC, with under-representation and un-representation of key regions is detrimental to its legitimacy and effectiveness, underscoring the urgent need for reforms.
10 marks · 150 words · Answered by 1 topper · CSE 2024
Global Institutions
"New imperative of GeoEconomics and Geo-Technology are appending the old premises and promises of globalisation" - Vikram Misri (Foreign Secy). Evaluate the role of WTO as the cornerstone of global trade architecture and discuss the challenges undermining it. Suggest measures for reform.
Answered by 1 topper · CSE 2025
Global InstitutionsTrade and Economic Diplomacy
Examine the major outcomes of soaring global debt crisis in emerging and developing economies on international relations.
15 marks · 250 words · Answered by 1 topper · CSE 2024
Global InstitutionsTrade and Economic Diplomacy
State the significance of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Also, discuss the need for a legally binding Marine Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) agreement.
10 marks · 150 words · Answered by 1 topper · CSE 2022
Global InstitutionsGlobal Commons and Treaties
There have been arguments that with the old global multilateral order failing to manage rising challenges, issue-based coalitions are gaining traction and have become the arenas of functional cooperation. Discuss.
15 marks · 250 words · Answered by 1 topper · CSE 2024
Regional GroupingsGlobal Institutions
"The inability of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) to address critical conflicts and maintain international peace and security underscores the urgent need for reforms." Examine the statement and present a case for India's permanent membership in the UNSC.
15 marks · 250 words · Answered by 1 topper
Global Institutions
Explain the concept of 'soft power' and examine its significance for a country's foreign policy goals with reference to India.
Answered by 1 topper · CSE 2025
Bilateral RelationsGlobal Institutions
India is a bridge between the Global North and Global South (as divided by Brandt line) and is the 'voice of Global South'?
Answered by 1 topper · CSE 2024
Global InstitutionsBilateral Relations
BRICS has a potential to lead the path towards reformed multilateralism but suffer from numerous internal contradictions. Discuss in light of recently concluded 14th BRICS summit.
15 marks · 250 words · Answered by 1 topper · CSE 2023
Regional GroupingsGlobal Institutions
Explain how India can effectively accelerate its progress towards the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.
10 marks · 150 words · Answered by 1 topper · CSE 2024
Policy Design and ImplementationSocial Sector Services
“A multipolar world order is not merely an option but a necessity”. In light of the statement, discuss how India can leverage its position to strengthen multipolarity in the global arena.
10 marks · 150 words · Answered by 1 topper · CSE 2024
Regional GroupingsGlobal Institutions
How can SAARC, ASEAN and SCO help India in realizing her geopolitical goals in Asia as well as Global fora?
15 marks · 250 words · Answered by 1 topper · CSE 2021
Regional GroupingsGlobal Institutions
'Despite being the world's leading body for international peace and security, the UN Security Council has fallen short of its ideals.' What is your opinion about this statement? Give reasons to support your answer.
15 marks · 250 words · Answered by 1 topper · CSE 2024
Global Institutions
Discuss the reforms that must be undertaken to strengthen the World Trade Organisation in order to address the vulnerabilities in the present global trading system.
10 marks · 150 words · Answered by 1 topper · CSE 2022
Global InstitutionsTrade and Economic Diplomacy
Describe the structure and mandate of the International Court of Justice (ICJ). Also, enumerate the challenges it faces in fulfilling its mandate.
15 marks · 250 words · Answered by 1 topper · CSE 2024
Global Institutions
"WTO is dead! Long live WTO!" In the context of this statement, account for the reasons behind why the WTO is dysfunctional. In your opinion, what reforms are needed to promote resilient, sustainable, and inclusive world trade.
15 marks · 250 words · Answered by 1 topper · CSE 2025
Global InstitutionsTrade and Economic Diplomacy
The changing global dynamics require prompt effective and meaningful reforms within the World Trade Organization (WTO), to ensure its relevance and capacity to address modern trade complexities. Discuss.
10 marks · 150 words · Answered by 1 topper · CSE 2024
Global InstitutionsTrade and Economic Diplomacy
Geopolitical tensions unchecked often, turn into humanitarian crises. Discuss the role of ‘World Food Programme’ in containing poverty and hunger near battlegrounds.
10 marks · 150 words · Answered by 1 topper · CSE 2025
Global InstitutionsPoverty and Hunger
India's image as a soft power has helped it garner trust in the developing world. Examine the statement in the context of vaccine diplomacy.
Answered by 1 topper · CSE 2021
Bilateral RelationsGlobal Institutions
World Bank data-rigging crisis highlights the 'deeper structural issues' in the governance of both the Bank and the IMF. In this context, elaborate on the roles, functions, and issues in the working of two Bretton Woods Institutions.
15 marks · 250 words · Answered by 1 topper · CSE 2024
Global Institutions
India’s foreign policy is increasingly navigating a “post-Western” global order. Critically examine this trend and its strategic consequences for India’s multilateral engagement.
10 marks · 150 words · Answered by 1 topper · CSE 2025
Global InstitutionsRegional Groupings
As the principal judicial organ of the United Nations, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) provides a judicial mechanism for the peaceful resolution of international disputes. In this context, throw light on the structure and mandate of ICJ. Also, highlight the challenges it faces in fulfilling its mandate.
15 marks · 250 words · Answered by 1 topper · CSE 2024
Global Institutions
What are the main functions of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)? Explain how far it has been effective in accomplishing its mandate.
10 marks · 150 words · Answered by 1 topper · CSE 2018
Global Institutions
How far do you think has India's foreign policy traveled from the heydays of Non-Aligned Movement? What factors in your opinion have contributed to it?
Answered by 1 topper · CSE 2017
Bilateral RelationsRegional Groupings
The United Nations exists not as a static memorial to the aspirations of an earlier age but as a work in progress. In light of the emerging challenges of today's world, examine the potential of the United Nations in overcoming them.
10 marks · 150 words · Answered by 1 topper · CSE 2024
Global Institutions
What is Vaccine diplomacy? Explain the significance of Vaccine Diplomacy for India.
10 marks · 150 words · Answered by 1 topper · CSE 2021
Bilateral RelationsTrade and Economic Diplomacy
For the first time in 25 years, WTO will be led by a woman. Discuss the current issues that WTO faced today. Also, comment upon the learnings for WTO from COVID-19 pandemic.
15 marks · 250 words · Answered by 1 topper · CSE 2021
Global InstitutionsTrade and Economic Diplomacy
Presidency of G20 is but a reflection of India's quest for a more just & polycentric world order, where the voice of global South is mainstreamed not muzzled. Elucidate.
15 marks · 250 words · Answered by 1 topper · CSE 2023
Global InstitutionsRegional Groupings
World in 21st century is seeing rise of smaller groupings, instead of large groups of 20th century.
Answered by 1 topper · CSE 2024
Regional GroupingsBilateral Relations