aAll deprivations in a human life which stem not only from lack of income but lack of real opportunities
bImpoverished state of poor people in rural and urban areas
cMissed opportunities in diverse personal circumstances
dMaterial as well as non-material deprivations in a human life which restrict human choices permanently
AnswerUPSC’s answer is (a).
The author defines poverty of a life as more than the impoverished state in which a person lives: it also includes being denied a genuine chance, by society's limits or by one's own situation, to live differently. So it covers all deprivations that come not only from low income but from missing real opportunities. Option (d) adds that choices are restricted permanently, which the passage does not claim.
Why each option is right or wrong
(a) Correct: deprivations beyond income, including the lack of real opportunities.
(b) Too narrow: it describes only the state of poor people in rural and urban areas.
(c) Partial: it mentions missed opportunities but leaves out the person's actual state of deprivation.
(d) Wrong: the passage never says choices are restricted permanently.
Answer: UPSC’s key. Explanation: written by UPSC Grade, not by UPSC.
