UPSC Mains 2026 · GS IV · Q10 · 20 marks · 250 words · Case study

Vikas is a government officer with over a decade of service in public administration. He has recently moved as the District Collector (DC) of Nainipura, a remote hilly district bordering a forest. Due to Nainipura’s low levels of economic development, one of his major duties is to ensure proper functioning of the public distribution system (PDS) amongst the economically weaker sections (EWS). During his on-site visits, Vikas was apprised of a typical administrative challenge in operating the PDS. To prevent leakages, all distributors were required to carry out real-time biometric identification of the beneficiaries, whose fingerprints were tallied with identity card records. This was creating problems as the operating system sometimes rejected fingerprint matching in the cases of growing children, manual labourers and senior citizens. The problem was further compounded in periods of low WiFi connectivity. The distributors, in such cases, resorted to personal discretion when they could identify the recipient. Vikas had to address this problem on priority. Strictly adhering to government regulations would ensure fiscal probity but would greatly trouble the proposed beneficiary, i.e., EWS. It may even impinge on their fundamental right to life as per Article 21 of the Constitution. Conversely, leaving the resolution solely to the discretion of the distributors could lead to misuse and leakages.

  1. (a) What are the options open to Vikas? How should he balance fiscal probity with empathy towards the designated beneficiaries?
  2. (b) Discuss the ethics of using technology as a gatekeeper for welfare schemes.

हिन्दी में

विकास एक सरकारी अधिकारी है, जिसे दस वर्ष से अधिक लोक-प्रशासन का अनुभव है। हाल ही में उसकी नियुक्ति सुदूर पर्वतीय एवं वन के निकटवर्ती क्षेत्र नैनीपुरा के ज़िलाधिकारी (डी० सी०) के रूप में हुई है। नैनीपुरा के न्यून आर्थिक विकास के कारण उसका प्रमुख दायित्व है कि उस क्षेत्र के आर्थिक रूप से कमज़ोर वर्ग (ई० डब्ल्यू० एस०) के लिए सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली (पी० डी० एस०) को ठीक से चलाए। क्षेत्र में दौरा करते समय विकास को ज्ञात हुआ कि वहाँ सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली के क्रियान्वयन में एक विशेष प्रशासनिक चुनौती सामने आ रही है। स्रोतों के गलत इस्तेमाल को रोकने के लिए सभी वितरकों के लिए यह अनिवार्य किया गया था कि वे लाभार्थियों की वास्तविक समय बायोमेट्रिक पहचान सुनिश्चित करें, जिसके अंतर्गत उनकी अँगुलियों के निशानों के मिलान पहचान-पत्र के अभिलेखों से किया जाता था। किन्तु इससे अनेक समस्याएँ उत्पन्न हो रही थीं, क्योंकि यह प्रणाली बढ़ते बच्चों, श्रमिकों तथा वरिष्ठ नागरिकों के मामलों में अँगुलियों के निशानों का मिलान कभी-कभी स्वीकार नहीं करती थी। यह समस्या तब और गम्भीर हो जाती जब वाईफाई का सम्पर्क धीमा हो जाता था। ऐसे मामलों में जब वितरक ग्राहकों को पहचान पाते थे, तब वे अपने निजी आग्रह के अनुसार काम करते। विकास को प्राथमिकता से इस समस्या का निदान करना था। सरकारी नियमों का कठोरतापूर्वक पालन करने से वित्तीय शुचिता तो सुनिश्चित होगी पर इससे प्रभावित लाभार्थियों अर्थात् आर्थिक रूप से कमज़ोर वर्ग को बहुत कठिनाइयों का सामना करना पड़ेगा। इतना ही नहीं, यह संविधान के अनुच्छेद 21 द्वारा प्रदत्त उनके जीवन के मौलिक अधिकारों का भी हनन कर सकता है। दूसरी ओर इस समस्या का निदान यदि सिर्फ वितरकों के निजी आग्रहों पर छोड़ दिया जाय, तो इसका परिणाम स्रोतों का दुरुपयोग होगा।

  1. (a) विकास के समक्ष कौन-से विकल्प हैं? उसे नामित लाभार्थियों के प्रति संवेदनशीलता बनाए रखते हुए वित्तीय शुचिता से संतुलन कैसे स्थापित करना चाहिए?
  2. (b) कल्याणकारी योजनाओं के लाभार्थियों के चयन में प्रौद्योगिकी के उपयोग की नैतिकता पर विचार कीजिए।

How a topper answered the closest question

Toppers wrote this one in a test series: “You are the officer-in-charge responsible for monitoring allotment of foodgrains under the Public Distribution System to BPL families in a given district. A group of BPL families in the district claim that they have been denied ration from fair price shops due to non-linking of Aadhar card with their BPL cards. They remark that the government and officers concerned are not empathising with their situation and stage a silent protest. Further, the incident is also being linked to similar instances in other areas of the country where people were denied access to PDS benefits due to similar reasons. The government receives a lot of criticism for this incident on social media networks. You are now in a conundrum, as you are now aware that the BPL families need to get foodgrains on time. However, as a government officer, you also need to follow the prescribed rules. Media scrutiny has further aggravated the situation and you realize you need to tread carefully. 20 Based on the information above, answer the following: (a) List the issues in the given situation that the parties involved are facing. (b) What step(s) will you take in the situation to ensure that the demands of the aggrieved persons are met without violating the rules? (c) In this context, briefly discuss how the poor in the country currently face digital exclusion and its consequence(s).”

Akshat JainAIR 2 · CSE 2018 · 360 wordsTheir whole copy

Opening

The Public Distribution System is a lifeline to BPL families, whose successful functioning is an utmost priority for the administration.

As the officer-in-charge, the values that should guide me are -

Body · points

  • Empathy and compassion to weaker sections
  • Upholding spirit of service
  • Integrity

a) The parties involved and issues faced by them are -

  1. BPL families
  • Denial of ration despite having BPL cards
  • Non-empathising attitude of the administration
  1. Fair Price shops
  • Backlash from the BPL families
  • Having to reject people from accessing grains despite knowing their condition
  • Inability of government to solve the issue
  1. Administration
  • Protest of the people
  • Media scrutiny
  • Why Aadhaar has not been linked?
  • Violation of the Constitutional mandate to work for welfare of citizens

b) My plan of action here would be -

  • Meet with the protest leaders and assure them of our willingness to address their concerns
  • On-the-spot Aadhaar linking drive, preferably at the protest venue itself
  • Approaching NGOs to provide foodgrains immediately to those whose Aadhaar cannot be linked
  • Noting down the names of those whose Aadhaar is being unable to link; resuming their PDS entitlement; and linking Aadhaar within a week.
  • Addressing the media about the solution reached with the protest leaders.

c) Around 6 lakh households in rural India are digitally illiterate. The reasons are -

  1. Poverty
  2. Illiteracy and low educational entitlements
  3. Poor digital infrastructure in rural and remote areas
  4. Cost of technology

Due to this, the poor are -

  1. Unable to access technology that can enhance their living standards
  2. Remaining outside the fold of government initiatives like Aadhaar, Jan Dhan Yojana etc.
  3. Showing reluctance to adopt technological solutions on long term.
  4. Unable to participate in the economic development of India.
  5. Unable to close down the inequality gap with the rich.

Close · a way forward

Thus it is necessary that digital literacy of the poor be the foremost objective of Digital India. The required infrastructure needs to be established by encouraging local entrepreneurs and financiers. Steps like PMG DISHA and CSCs are a welcome move in this direction.

How toppers approach this question, and more on its topic: open the question.

Toppers’ answers to other close questions

Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Main) Examination 2026, General Studies Paper IV, Q10. The paper on upsc.gov.in. Themes and links to toppers’ answers are by UPSC Grade, not by UPSC.