UPSC Mains 2025 · GS III · Q18 · 15 marks · 250 words

Write a review on India’s climate commitments under the Paris Agreement (2015) and mention how these have been further strengthened in COP26 (2021). In this direction, how has the first Nationally Determined Contribution intended by India been updated in 2022 ?

हिन्दी में

पेरिस समझौता (2015) के अंतर्गत, भारत की जलवायु वचनबद्धताओं पर समीक्षा लिखिए तथा बताइए कि उन्हें किस प्रकार कॉप26 (2021) में और अधिक दृढ़ता प्रदान की गई है । इस दिशा में, किस प्रकार पहली बार भारत द्वारा प्रस्तावित राष्ट्रीय स्तर पर निर्धारित योगदान को 2022 में अद्यतन किया गया है ?

How a topper answered the closest question

Toppers wrote this one in a test series: “India's climate action plan is a "vision for transformation" and reaffirms the need to focus on financial mobilization, technological collaboration and policy push to achieve the goals. Discuss in light of India's 'Intended Nationally Determined Contributions'.”

Akshay AgrawalAIR 43 · CSE 2018 · 177 wordsTheir whole copy

Opening · a definition

Climate change is defined as rising global temperatures due to excessive air pollution (greenhouse gases) and accompanying changes in climate patterns. It is undoubtedly a global phenomenon and needs a global action (INDC).

In light of the rising concerns, India's climate Action Plan to achieve its 'Intended Nationally Determined Contributions' gives a ray of hope:

Body · points

Focus on financial mobilisation • Dedicated fund for Climate Action plan to be created to encourage & promote green technology. • 'Green Fund' to be utilised and attracting investments in clean technologies.

Technological collaboration :

  • with developed countries to promote cleaner technology
  • encouraging development of hydro, wind and solar power. (ISA)
  • Focus on renewable energy sources like biogas & biodiesel.

Policy : India has its own National Policy on climate change which includes holistic development of clean environment involving forests, agriculture, Himalayan ecosystems, solar energy etc.

Close · a way forward

India's target of 175 GW (now 227 GW) of 'clean' energy by 2022 is a laudable objective. For this, it is necessary to have focussed policy attention and implementation of the said policy.

How toppers approach this question, and more on its topic: open the question.

Toppers’ answers to other close questions

Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Main) Examination 2025, General Studies Paper III, Q18. The paper on upsc.gov.in. Themes and links to toppers’ answers are by UPSC Grade, not by UPSC.