“The reform process in the United Nations remains unresolved, because of the delicate imbalance of East and West and entanglement of the USA vs. Russo-Chinese alliance.” Examine and critically evaluate the East-West policy confrontations in this regard.

↳ Ukraine war: Despite Russia's presence in the UNSC P-5 along with western powers, it was not able to prevent the ongoing war or negotiate a ceasefire.

↳ Myanmar coup is ongoing and many dissidents have been killed and yet the UN fails to progress beyond condemnation.

↳ US pullout from Afghanistan without adequate safeguards for the rights of Afghans shows how western powers are never bound by rules such as UN declaration of Human Rights. It is also clear in the failure to keep the Taliban on its promise of not removing women's right to education, freedom.

Clearly, urgent reforms are needed:

↳ Removal of veto system: The P-5 veto system paralyses the institution from doing anything of value.

↳ Enhancing the voice of the global south: The geopolitical situation has transformed significantly since the 1950s. Countries like Brazil, India, South Africa, Germany, Japan must be given stronger roles in the UN security council.

↳ Binding decisions and sanctions for all: Once the UNGA makes a decision, they must ensure its implementation whether it is on first world or third world powers.