UPSC Mains 2025 · GS II · Q19 · 15 marks · 250 words

“Energy security constitutes the dominant kingpin of India’s foreign policy, and is linked with India’s overarching influence in Middle Eastern countries.” How would you integrate energy security with India’s foreign policy trajectories in the coming years?

हिन्दी में

“ऊर्जा सुरक्षा भारत की विदेश नीति का मुख्य स्तंभ है, और यह मध्य पूर्वी देशों में भारत के व्यापक प्रभाव से जुड़ा हुआ है।” आप आने वाले वर्षों में भारत की विदेश नीति की दिशा के साथ ऊर्जा सुरक्षा को कैसे एकीकृत करेंगे?

How a topper answered the closest question

Toppers wrote this one in a test series: “India depends heavily on the Middle East for its energy needs and is against any escalation of tension in the region. How can India play a greater role in the region amid rising tensions? (15M)”

Saksham GoelAIR 27 · CSE 2021 · 292 wordsTheir whole copy

Opening

Middle East or West Asia is a region ridden with conflicts arising out of cold war between Iran and Saudi Arabia, Arab-Israel conflict, US involvement and issues of terrorism proliferation.

Body · continuous prose

India depends heavily on imported fuels / petroleum for its energy needs - primarily from the Middle East and Central Asian republics.

But recent developments including Qatar crisis, Yemeni crisis, resurgence of ISIS, the falling apart of Iran deal, the $500 Billion deal between Iran and China have increased risks.

On the other hand, events like normalisation of Saudi-Qatar relations at GCC summit, normalisation of Israel's relations with Bahrain and UAE, re-starting process to re-establish the Iran deal are also moves for greater regional stability.

These though have led to newer conflicts like the rise of Iran-Turkey-Pakistan against Saudi Arabia-UAE backed by China and Russia and the USA respectively.

West Asia is India's extended neighbourhood and as is evident plays key role in its energy security.

For the easing of tensions in the region, India can utilise its membership of the UNSC to bring together all players on the table.

India has great credibility as it has been able to walk the tight rope of maintaining good relations with Arabs and Israelis, Saudis and Iranians, US and Russia.

Negotiations and mediation, the lines of VK Krishna Menon's strategy in Korean crisis can prove to be fruitful.

Further, people-to-people relations, multi-track diplomacy, energy security diplomacy, vaccine diplomacy, transfer of technology and Cooperation at multi-lateral and plurilateral fora can go a long way.

Finally, the role of Indian diaspora in the great geopolitical calculus is also key to the situation.

Close · a summary

Energy security is at the heart of geo-economic rise of India and India's middle east strategy is at the heart of its energy security.

How toppers approach this question, and more on its topic: open the question.

Toppers’ answers to other close questions

Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Main) Examination 2025, General Studies Paper II, Q19. The paper on upsc.gov.in. Themes and links to toppers’ answers are by UPSC Grade, not by UPSC.