Pakshal SecretryAIR 8 · CSE 2025 · 230 wordsTheir whole copy
Opening · a definition
As per Ramsar Convention, wetland are area of swarm, marsh, peat etc, that contain water that is static or fluid with coastal areas upto 6m depth.
Body · points
Crucial in ecological balance
(1) Act as kidney of earth Eg Kolkata Wetland → water pollution (2) sponges → absorb water in case of high rainfall and release in case of low rainfall (3) Biodiversity protection Eg Birds → migrate to Keoladeo in Rajasthan (4) Ensuring ecological support cycle → Role in water cycle (5) Regulating services of wetland → Act as water divide, pollution control. (6) Provisioning services → food in form of fish ensure human-environmental balance
Threats
(A) Anthropogenic (i) Alteration of Natural Hydrological Regime (ii) Excessive extraction from Wetland → fishery. (iii) Encroachment → Bengaluru wetlands (iv) Pollution of existing wetland → Chillika lake (B) Climate Related Threats (i) Uneven Rainfall → Draining of wetlands (VI) High temperature → More evaporation → less water (VII) Wetland acidification and eutrophication (VIII) Rising Threat of Invasive species due to climate change eg Water hyacinth.
Steps Taken
(1) 85+ wetland listed under Ramsar Convention (2) National wetland Management Rules, 2017 → State level control, maintaining inventory [samarvan] (3) AMRUT Mission → for rejuvenating 100 wetland in every district (4) Atal Bhujal yojana. (5) AMRUT → for urban wetland preservation
Close · a way forward
Local & traditional preservation technique need to be leveraged for community level
3 more toppers’ answers to this question, part by part, and how they all approached it: open the question.