Attitude is an important component that goes as input in the development of human being. How to build a suitable attitude needed for a public servant?

1. Bureaucratic attitude vs democratic attitude → rigidity of rules & procedures → excessive rules compliance → denying service to genuine people due to lack of documents [Jharkhand PDS case study] ↳ utilisatn of discretion to fill legal gaps. → Eg. Armstrong Pame build road for remote areas by raising funds

2. Negative vs positive public service attitude → resistant to change, passimistic view of degenerative society. → reform orientation and belief in inherent goodness of society.

In order to overcome such attitude -

(1) development of values like empathy, compassion, justice.

(2) Case studies of reforms in public service → eg. T.N. Sheshan, E. Shreedharan (Metroman).

(3) Training & regular assessment.

(4) Improving overall administrative work culture → eg. Nordic nations' strong public institutions.

"Attitude is a small thing that makes a huge difference." Winston Churchill

So, we need to overcome attitude biases to make civil services more effective & efficient.

3B) Gandhi's message in above quote is related to the underlying unity and oneness of all religions.

It refers to not being na-religious but means to follow one's religion while respecting others as all are part of a larger whole.

Philosopher's argument on being religion harmful is because-

→ 1) Communal hatred and lynching leads to social unrest → 2) divisional social norms based on religion impact electorate and makes democracy ineffective. → 3) leads to conflict and wars eq. Israel-Hamas war based on religious & political differences.

But, there is alternative perspective related to efficacy of religion-

1. Religion is important as binding fabric - Yuval Noah Harari in Sapiens

(2) It provides motivation and mental peace by attributing unfairness & justice to almighty [Karma theory] (3) leads to harmony in society eg. charity, good work, social service driven by religious interests! (4) ensure welfare of all

Religion & morality are closely interlinked as religion forms basis of morals (1) eg. touching elders feet → leads to respect to elderly. (2) religion discourages destructive morality → eg. ahimsa → avoiding use of destructive weapons. (3) inculcate values which forms morals of an individual.