UPSC Mains 2021 · GS III · Q17 · 15 marks · 250 words

Describe the major outcomes of the 26th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). What are the commitments made by India in this conference ?

हिन्दी में

संयुक्त राष्ट्र जलवायु परिवर्तन फ्रेमवर्क सम्मेलन (यू.एन.एफ.सी.सी.सी.) के सी.ओ.पी. के 26वें सत्र के प्रमुख परिणामों का वर्णन कीजिए । इस सम्मेलन में भारत द्वारा की गई वचनबद्धताएँ क्या हैं ?

How a topper answered the closest question

Toppers wrote this one in a test series: “Describe the major outcomes of the 28th session of the Conference of Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). What were the major engagements of India in this conference?”

Deepak GodaraCSE 2024 · 237 wordsTheir whole copy

Opening · a date or context

28th COP was held at UAE. It is a annual meeting (COP) under UNFCCC to track performance under Paris climate Agreement and to bring new commitments to curb GHG's and avoid climate change & boiling.

Body · points and prose

Major Outcomes

  1. Release of first edition of a Global Stocktake review of climate Actions → It suggested to increase renewable energy adoption by 3 times. → Also world is not on track to achieve 1.5°C target by end of century.
  1. Renewable energy & Energy Efficiency Pledge To speed up the renewable energy. (India is not part of it).

  2. ALTERRA FUND by UAE companies set up with $ 3-4 Billion.

  3. Loss & Damage Fund sanctioning of amount to it ~ $ 20 Billion.

  4. Africa Decarbonisation Industry Initiative for African continent.

  5. Nuclear Energy pledge To increase it by 3 fold.

  6. Utilization and support to Green climate change fund.

Indian Engagements

  1. Green Credit Program (Initiative), it will help to utilise green funding and decarbonisation.

  2. River City Alliance launched for technology transfer & cultural exchanges.

  3. Lead IT 2.0 help for decarbonisation of Industry.

  4. opposition to Global Methane Pledge.

CBAM | Carbon Border Adjustment mechanism

  1. To adopt PHASE DOWN from PHASE OUT due to per capita emissions low, US → 15.6 Tonne, India 3.8 carbon tonne / capita.
Diagram
Challenges - Indiscriminatory to developing nations - lack of effective funding in Loss & Damage fund - climate reparations not paid - climate Injustice (SIDS Nations)

Close · a way forward

Hence a pragmatic pledge needs to be adopted to control climate change by 'climate Equity'!

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Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Main) Examination 2021, General Studies Paper III, Q17. The paper on upsc.gov.in. Themes and links to toppers’ answers are by UPSC Grade, not by UPSC.