UPSC Mains 2020 · GS IV · Q7 · 20 marks · 250 words · Case study

Rajesh Kumar is a senior public servant, with a reputation of honesty and forthrightness, currently posted in the Finance Ministry as Head of the Budget Division. His department is presently busy in organising the budgetary support to the states, four of which are due to go to the polls within the financial year. This year's annual budget had allotted ₹ 8300 crores for National Housing Scheme (NHS), a centrally sponsored social housing scheme for the weaker sections of society. ₹ 775 crores have been drawn for NHS till June. The Ministry of Commerce had long been pursuing a case for setting up a Special Economic Zone (SEZ) in a southern state to boost exports. After two years of detailed discussions between the centre and state, the Union Cabinet approved the project in August. Process was initiated to acquire the necessary land. Eighteen months ago a leading Public Sector Unit (PSU) had projected the need for setting up a large natural gas processing plant in a northern state for the regional gas grid. The required land is already in possession of the PSU. The gas grid is an essential component of the national energy security strategy. After three rounds of global bidding the project was allotted to an MNC, M/s XYZ Hydrocarbons. The first tranche of payment to the MNC is scheduled to be made in December. Finance Ministry was asked for a timely allocation of an additional ₹ 6000 crores for these two developmental projects. It was decided to recommend re-appropriation of this entire amount from the NHS allocation. The file was forwarded to Budget Department for their comments and further processing. On studying the case file, Rajesh Kumar realized that this re-appropriation may cause inordinate delay in the execution of NHS, a project much publicized in the rallies of senior politicians. Correspondingly, non-availability of finances would cause financial loss in the SEZ and national embarrassment due to delayed payment in an international project. Rajesh Kumar discussed the matter with his seniors. He was conveyed that this politically sensitive situation needs to be processed immediately. Rajesh Kumar realized that diversion of funds from NHS could raise difficult questions for the government in the Parliament. Discuss the following with reference to this case :

  1. (a) Ethical issues involved in re-appropriation of funds from a welfare project to the developmental projects.
  2. (b) Given the need for proper utilization of public funds, discuss the options available to Rajesh Kumar. Is resigning a worthy option ?

हिन्दी में

राजेश कुमार एक वरिष्ठ लोक सेवक हैं, जिनकी ईमानदारी और स्पष्टवादिता की प्रतिष्ठा है, आजकल वित्त मंत्रालय के बजट विभाग के प्रमुख हैं । वर्तमान में उनका विभाग राज्यों को बजटीय सहायता की व्यवस्था करने में व्यस्त है, जिनमें से चार राज्यों में इसी वित्तीय वर्ष में चुनाव होने वाले हैं । इस वर्ष के वार्षिक बजट ने राष्ट्रीय आवास योजना (एन.एच.एस.) को 8300 करोड़ रुपये आबंटित किए थे । यह समाज के कमजोर समूहों के लिए केंद्र प्रायोजित सामाजिक आवास योजना है । जून माह तक 775 करोड़ रुपये एन.एच.एस. हेतु लिए गए हैं । निर्यात को बढ़ावा देने के लिए वाणिज्य मंत्रालय काफी समय से एक दक्षिणी राज्य में विशेष आर्थिक ज़ोन (एस.ई.ज़ेड) स्थापित करने की पैरवी कर रहा है । केंद्र और राज्य के मध्य दो वर्षों तक चली विस्तृत चर्चा के बाद अगस्त माह में केंद्रीय मंत्रिमंडल ने इस योजना की स्वीकृति प्रदान कर दी । आवश्यक भूमि प्राप्त करने के लिए प्रक्रिया प्रारम्भ कर दी गई । अट्ठारह माह पूर्व एक उत्तरी राज्य में क्षेत्रीय गैस ग्रिड के लिए एक प्रमुख सार्वजनिक क्षेत्र की इकाई ने विशाल गैस प्रसंस्करण संयंत्र स्थापित करने की आवश्यकता बताई थी । सार्वजनिक क्षेत्र की इकाई (पी.एस.यू.) के पास आवश्यक भूमि पहले से ही है । राष्ट्रीय ऊर्जा सुरक्षा व्यूहरचना में यह गैस ग्रिड एक अनिवार्य घटक है । वैश्विक बोली (ग्लोबल बिडिंग) के तीन चरणों के बाद इस योजना को एक बहुराष्ट्रीय उद्योग (एम.एन.सी.) मैसर्स एक्स वाई ज़ेड हाइड्रोकार्बन को आबंटित किया गया । दिसम्बर में इस बहुराष्ट्रीय उद्योग को भुगतान की पहली किश्त देना निर्धारित है । इन दो विकास योजनाओं को समय से 6000 करोड़ रुपये की अतिरिक्त राशि आबंटित करने के लिए वित्त मंत्रालय को कहा गया । यह निर्णय लिया गया कि पूरी राशि एन.एच.एस. आबंटन में से पुनर्विनियोजित करने की संस्तुति की जाए । फाइल को समीक्षा और अग्रिम कार्यवाही के लिए बजट विभाग में प्रेषित कर दिया गया । फाइल का अध्ययन करने पर राजेश कुमार को यह आभास हुआ कि पुनर्विनियोजन करने से एन.एच.एस. योजना को क्रियान्वित करने में अत्यधिक विलम्ब हो सकता है, वरिष्ठ राजनेताओं के द्वारा आयोजित सभाओं में इस योजना की काफी चर्चा हुई थी । दूसरी ओर वित्त की अनुपलब्धता से एस.ई.ज़ेड. में वित्तीय क्षति होगी और अंतर्राष्ट्रीय योजना में विलम्बित भुगतान से राष्ट्रीय शर्मिंदगी भी । राजेश कुमार ने इस प्रसंग पर अपने वरिष्ठ अधिकारियों के साथ विचार-विमर्श किया । उन्हें बताया गया कि राजनीतिक रूप से इस संवेदनशील स्थिति पर तुरंत कार्यवाही होनी चाहिए । राजेश कुमार ने महसूस किया कि एन.एच.एस. योजना से राशि के विपथन पर सरकार के लिए संसद में कठिन प्रश्न खड़े हो सकते हैं । इस प्रसंग के संदर्भ में निम्नलिखित का विवेचन कीजिए :

  1. (a) कल्याणकारी योजना से विकास योजना में राशि के पुनर्विनियोजन में निहित नीतिपरक मुद्दे ।
  2. (b) सार्वजनिक राशि के उचित उपयोग की आवश्यकता को ध्यान में रखते हुए, राजेश कुमार के समक्ष उपलब्ध विकल्पों का विवेचन कीजिए । क्या पदत्याग एक योग्य विकल्प है ?

How a topper answered the closest question

Toppers wrote this one in a test series: “Mr. Pradeep is a senior civil servant in the central government and is involved in the budgeting department. In the course of performing his duties, he comes to know about diversion of funds earmarked for SC/ST sub-plan for other purposes. While he is not directly responsible for this aspect of the budget, he raised his concerns to the department concerned. He also learns that the minister responsible as well as senior most civil servants are aware of the practice and have given tacit approval for it. Soon thereafter, Pradeep was summoned to talk on the issue and was told that since the matter is not within his jurisdiction, he should 'keep his nose out of it'. After much soul searching, Pradeep decided to obey his supervisors by leaving the matter alone. Based on the information given, answer the following questions: (a) Elaborate on the internal dissonance that Pradeep faces in the given situation. (b) On what basis can the decision of Pradeep be justified? (c) Had you been in Pradeep's place, what would have been the course of action chosen by you? Recognise the merits and demerits, if any”

Navneet MannAIR 33 · CSE 2019 · 292 wordsTheir whole copy

Opening

The above case presents a situation wherein a person (Mr. Pradeep) is being forced to exhibit a behaviour not in consonance with his attitude.

Body · points and prose

(a) Mr. Pradeep faces a situation of internal dissonance. He is a man of high values and morals. Pradeep upholds the value of probity, honesty, openness.

However in this case he is in a situation where he himself has no locus standi as he is not involved in the matter but also cannot chose to ignore such unethical practices.

Thus, he faces internal dissonance as he is under a compulsion to exhibit actions which are not in

line with his principles and values.

(b) However, in order to resolve this dissonance, Pradeep takes the option of doing nothing and remain outside the issue.

The action can be justified by some as:

  • it saves Pradeep from dissonance as well as the wrath of seniors
  • easier option for Pradeep without much effort

However, this is not an ideal course of action because:

  • it will further perpetuate corruption in his department
  • the day something of this sort happens in a matter under Pradeep's jurisdiction

seniors may take Pradeep for granted - even worse is the possibility of being blamed of promoting corruption if any outsider gets the whiff of the matter.

(c) If I had been in Pradeep's place, I would have taken up the matter to the media and the judiciary albeit under an undisclosed identity.

MERITS →

  • will weed out corruption in the department
  • will serve as deterrent for others
  • will help me maintain my identity a secret so that I can't be harassed by the wrongdoers

DEMERITS →

  • sensationalisation by media
  • long judicial process
  • dangers of my identity

Close · no separate close

None written.

2 more toppers’ answers to this question, part by part, and how they all approached it: open the question.

Toppers’ answers to other close questions

Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Main) Examination 2020, General Studies Paper IV, Q7. The paper on upsc.gov.in. Themes and links to toppers’ answers are by UPSC Grade, not by UPSC.