UPSC Mains 2018 · GS I · Q9 · 10 marks · 150 words

‘Despite implementation of various programmes for eradication of poverty by the government in India, poverty is still existing.’ Explain by giving reasons.

हिन्दी में

‘भारत की सरकार द्वारा निर्धनता उन्मूलन के विभिन्न कार्यक्रमों के क्रियान्वयन के बावजूद, निर्धनता अभी भी विद्यमान है ।’ कारण प्रस्तुत करते हुए स्पष्ट कीजिए ।

How a topper answered the closest question

Toppers wrote this one in a test series: “How far has the process of globalization aided poverty reduction in India? Critically analyze”

Jatin JainAIR 91 · CSE 2022 · 283 wordsTheir whole copy

Opening

Globalisation is the process of exchange of people, ideas, goods and services in the interconnected world with no border and as global village (Giddens).

Body

Globalisation aiding poverty reduction

  1. Fostered the liberalisation of economy enhancing economic development and reducing poverty

Eg: World Bank report → India uplifted 271 mn people out of poverty last decade

  1. More employment opportunities and new avenues of social skills

Eg: Entrepreneurial Culture - YouTube channels

  1. Marketisation & Commercialisation of traditional knowledge

Eg: Vindhyan herbals, Kodo Kutki biscuits, Kandhamal haldi; Kanchipuram Saree → sold in Amazon, Flipkart to globalised world

  1. Globalisation created demand due to consumption which enhances growth and reducing poverty

Employment ↑ ← Demand ↑ ← Consumption ↑ ↑ | Education & Health ↑ ← Globalization ← Economy ↑ ↑ | Social Expend ↑ |

Fig: Virtuous cycle of poverty reduction

  1. Globalisation led to proliferation of service sector like Tourism enhancing informal sector reducing poverty

Globalisation not aiding poverty Reduction

  1. Limited availability and reach due to structural deficiencies eg: Digital Divide

  2. Matsyanyaya of Economic (Big fish eating small) leading to monopolisation of MNEs and killing small local businesses → Poverty not reduced

  3. Homogenisation of culture leading to cultural poverty in the country Ex: Extinction of vernacular languages

  4. Global impacts in value chain impacts the whole spectrum and thus can't guarantee poverty upliftment Ex: Covid impact, Russia-Ukraine impact

Way forward

  1. Glocalisation + Vocal for local → for promotion of local culture → economy → Atmanirbhar Bharat
  2. Hybridisation should be new norm instead of homogenisation

Close

[Amartya Sen] argued that Globalisation and modernisation impacted economic development but are double edged sword and need cautious use for poverty upliftment

How toppers approach this question, and more on its topic: open the question.

Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Main) Examination 2018, General Studies Paper I, Q9. The paper on upsc.gov.in. Themes and links to toppers’ answers are by UPSC Grade, not by UPSC.