UPSC Mains 2013 · GS IV · Q3 · 10 marks · 150 words

Some people feel that values keep changing with time and situation, while others strongly believe that there are certain universal and eternal human values. Give your perception in this regard with due justification.

हिन्दी में

कुछ लोगों का मानना है कि मूल्य समय और परिस्थिति के साथ बदलते रहते हैं जबकि अन्य दृढ़ता से मानते हैं कि कुछ मानवीय मूल्य सर्वव्यापक व शाश्वत हैं। इस सम्बन्ध में आप अपनी धारणा तर्क देकर बताइए।

How a topper answered the closest question

Toppers wrote this one in a test series: “Do you think that ethical principles are universal in nature? Justify your answer with relevant examples.”

Ankita JainAIR 3 · CSE 2020 · 176 wordsTheir whole copy

Opening · a definition

Ethical principles could be principles which a society thinks are moral as well as principles which are moral for an individual i.e. public and private sphere.

For an ethical principle to be universal it needs to be accepted by all the individuals collectively as part of society.

However, it is seen that there are some principles which are acceptable to society but not individual and vice-versa. For instance, principles of equality and liberty.

Body · points and prose

① Excess of equality leads to Marxist society where liberty of individual is lost in proletariat dictatorship.

② similarly, excess of liberty leads to Anarchist society which is utopian in means as well as ends.

Close

Hence, in this sense, these ethical principles cannot be absolute and universals. They need to be balanced such as "EQUAL FREEDOM", as is done in democracy.

However, it is seen that few principles are good for society as well as individuals such as TRUTH. They are categorical imperative of Kant. Thus, ethical principles should uphold human dignity in all spheres - individual or societal - to become UNIVERSAL.

1 more topper’s answer to this question, part by part, and how they all approached it: open the question.

Toppers’ answers to other close questions

Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Main) Examination 2013, General Studies Paper IV, Q3. The paper on upsc.gov.in. Themes and links to toppers’ answers are by UPSC Grade, not by UPSC.