AIR 7 · CSE 2022 · GS3 · 52 pages

Waseem Ahmad Bhat: GS3 answer copy

20 answers by Waseem Ahmad Bhat, as written in the test. Each question opens a page with how other toppers answered it.

The questions

  1. Q1Given the limitations of trickle-down economics, discuss the relevance of capability approach to development for a country like India.10 marks
  2. Q2Recently, India marked the fourth anniversary of introduction of the Goods and Services Tax (GST). Given its envisaged objectives, evaluate whether it has been a successful reform.10 marks
  3. Q3Investment in infrastructure is pivotal for accelerated and inclusive socio-economic development of a country. In this context, discuss the significance of the National Monetisation Pipeline.10 marks
  4. Q4Skill development through e-learning has gained increased importance and acceptance in view of the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic.10 marks
  5. Q5It has been argued that the Industrial Policy of 1991 did not achieve the desired results due to multiple reasons. Discuss in context of India's manufacturing sector. Also, highlight the need for a new industrial policy in this regard.10 marks
  6. Q6State the need for circular economy in India and the challenges associated with it. Also, discuss the measures that are required to build a circular economy in India.10 marks
  7. Q7Discuss the need for a National Employment Policy in India. What should be taken into account while formulating such a policy?10 marks
  8. Q8An effective approach to green budgeting is underpinned by strong strategic framework, tools for evidence generation and an enabling budgetary governance framework. Discuss.10 marks
  9. Q9The key to sustaining private investments in infrastructure requires a concerted effort to resolve long-standing issues. Discuss in context of India's PPP framework.10 marks
  10. Q10There is a need for revisiting India's approach to gender responsive budgeting. Discuss in the context of limitations faced in implementing gender budgeting in India.10 marks
  11. Q11The Indian Budget 2021-22 has identified the development of physical & financial capital and infrastructure as one of its key pillars for sustained growth. Highlight the measures taken by the government in this regard.15 marks
  12. Q12To capitalize on its demographic dividend, India must create well-paying, high productivity jobs. In view of this, discuss the challenges in creation of such jobs in India. What policy measures can help in addressing these challenges?15 marks
  13. Q13The Indian experience provides several lessons of an inclusive digital economy model that enables formal digital governance structure at a low cost and with easier access. Discuss.15 marks
  14. Q14What do you understand by crowdfunding? Discuss the benefits and risks associated with the crowdfunding model to raise capital. Also, highlight the current regulatory scenario related to it in India.15 marks
  15. Q15An urban employment guarantee programme will need to be tailored to the specific needs and problems of the urban labour market. Discuss while keeping in view the lessons learned from MGNREGA.15 marks
  16. Q16State finances in India present a worrying picture, with debt sustainability being a major concern. Discuss in context of the recent RBI report on state finances.15 marks
  17. Q17Do you agree with the view that the mixed results of economic reforms in the last three decades can be attributed to the reforms being half-baked and incomplete? Discuss.15 marks
  18. Q18It is argued that Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) has produced both transformational and directional change in financial inclusion in India. Do you agree? Elaborate with logical arguments.15 marks
  19. Q19Though Special Economic Zones (SEZs) can play a significant role in export promotion in India, they are struggling with multiple challenges. Discuss.15 marks
  20. Q20Much of the export growth of manufactured goods in India since the 1990s can be attributed to expansion of world trade and improved competitiveness. However, the potential of product and market diversification are yet to be fully exploited. Discuss.15 marks

The answers

Question 1 · 10 marks · 163 words written

Given the limitations of trickle-down economics, discuss the relevance of capability approach to development for a country like India.

Opening

Traditional economies has focussed on trickle down from richer to the poor sections based on free market economics.

Body · points

Diagram
Government focus -> Rich Rich -> Middle class Middle class -> Poor

→ limitations

(i) Mixed experience from developed as well as developing countries where it was adopted. e.g: USA under Ronald Raegan adopted but led to 'pauperisation of poor'.

(ii) Does not lead to human capital formation as no focus on education, skills, etc.

(iii) Leads to inequality in wealth. e.g: The Great Divergence in USA.

⇒ Importance of capability approach to India

Given by Amartya Sen, it has the following significance:

⊙ will lead to increase in human capital formation which is lacking in India. e.g: A child born in India can only reach 44% of her potential in India (UNDP).

Close · a quotation

⊙ will lead to a down-top economic development which is long lasting.

⊙ will help in reaping the demographic dividend (59% by 2041)

⊙ will lead to inclusive growth

As Prof. Amartya Sen says capability approach will lead to development and development to freedom.