AIR 107 · CSE 2025 · GS2 · 53 pages

Vimal Kumar: GS2 answer copy

3 answers by Vimal Kumar, as written in the test. Each question opens a page with how other toppers answered it.

The questions

  1. Q2Q2/Q3
  2. Q24The implementation of e-Governance in strengthening Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) is crucial for democratic decentralization. Discuss.
  3. QExamine the evolution of fiscal federalism in India with reference to the 101st Constitutional Amendment Act.

The answers

Question 2 · 369 words written

Q2/Q3

Opening · a constitutional or legal provision

None written.

Body · points

Q2

Institution of Governor (article 153) at state level appointed by the President (article 155) to aid and advice Council of minister at states (article 163).

Under Indian Constitution Governor have no Executive Independent function

  1. Governor to act on aid and advice of council of minister of states (article 163 & 164)

  2. Governor satisfaction is satisfaction of council of minister in Parliamentary democracy. e.g. Governor sitting on state Bills in Tamilnadu

  3. Passing of Bills (article 200) → Governor cannot reject the Bills

  4. Governor being Nominal head of state while Real head is COM

Yet there are Constitutional function which can be performed independently

  1. Constitutional discretion → Imposition of State emergency (article 356) on failure of Constitutional machinery.
  2. Being Executive head of adjoining UTs
  3. Administration of scheduled areas
  4. Situational Discretion:
    • Appointing CM when incumbent dies in office.
    • Dissolution of house at hung assembly

Recent Controversies regarding office of governor

  1. Conflict between Governor and state government (e.g.) → manipulation of Governor's address in Tamilnadu
  2. Not passing bills under article 200
  3. Usurpation of executive function by LG in Delhi (SC judgement 2018)

Governor role is envisaged as dual, on one side as Constitutional head on the other as bridge between centre & State.

Q3

Civil Services derive authority from article 308, 309, 311 & 312 of the Constitution.

Challenges due to excess focus on Internal Procedure

(1) Red tape, Status quoism, Corruption in the services.

(2) Lack of efficiency, effectiveness e.g. Leakage in PDS system.

(3) Rule based rather than role based leading to lack of expertise (By Surinder Nath Committee)

(4) Wastage of Public money due to Conflict of interest e.g.

Diagram
Babu / \ Neta---Lala | By Vohra Committee

(5) Lack of technological capacity

Thus focus should be in outcome as

  1. Mission karmayogi → focus on training as expertise building through I-GoT platform
  2. Building of Domain Expertise → 8 Domain recognised by Surender Nath Committee
  3. Idea of Lateral Entry to bring efficiency, effectiveness and outcome → (Baswaan Committee)
  4. Leverage technology for Service delivery (2nd ARC)
  5. Reforming Internal procedure as per

Close · a way forward

This way idea of Maximum governance and minimum government would be realised for tech savvy and Resilient civil services.