Question 12 · 480 words written
Discuss population aging as a concept which is universal phenomenon.
Opening · a figure
Developed nation are suffering from declining as well ageing population. Average age of Japan is 41 years while that of china 35. USA also has average age around 37 years.
Body · points and prose
India's opportunity to Produce skiled Human Resource
(1) Average age of indians is 24 years - NITI AYO G
(2) 65% population is of working age (14-59 years) - Census 2011
(3) Currently india's Human resource is not skilled, this provide opportunity
EG: Only 4.1% formally skilled - Economic survey
(4) India can Export its Human Capital in ageing countries like Japan, Russia
Challenges in Producing skilled Human resource
Low Education Quality
only 3% of GDP in Education
- Focus on rote learning
- lack of creative thinking
less Research Budget
.7% of GDP on R&D
Quality Teacher for imparting skills are less
lack of awareness about need of skill due to low literacy
Poverty → People going for lowskill work rather investing in highskill
Standard/curriculum of skill centes (ITI) is not uptomark
way forward
Focus on Academia-Industry linkage for industry relevant skills
Involvement of Private sector in skill development
National skill council
Increase expenditure on R&D to atleast 1.5-2%.
Entrepreneurship skill from school level
Delhi Entrepreneurship Classes
Coordinate with Quad, I2U2 countries to impart high skills.
Amitabh Kant in book "shifting orbit" has gave focus on skills, innovation to make India knowledge economy as well World's skill capital.
PM Gati Shakti is infrastructure initiative of around 100 lakh crore rupee. It is a transformative approach for economic growth.
It will bring coordination among 16 Ministries and complement National Infrastructure Pipeline.
Gatishakti giving new direction with transformative approach
(1) Better coordinating among different department
(2) Resource Utilisation ratio will increase
(3) Transparent approach for common people as portal will be open to people
(4) Being Dynamic and analytical it will be based on feedback mechanism
(5) Prioritise the infrastructure projects for fast completion.
PM Gatishakti facilitating India's transition to Amritkal
Reduce logistic cost
Currently 14-15% of GDP. Newzealand - 5%.
Increase Foreign investment
Improve ease of doing business due to better infrastructure
Improve connectivity will improve sectoral growth in Agriculture, industry
Industrial sector stagnat at 30% of GDP
(5) Reduce overrun cost
MOSPI - 125 Projects having 4.9 lakh crore overrun cost
(6) Multiplier Effect → reduce unemployment
7.7% unemployment in June → CMIE
(7) Reduce Poverty in Amrit Kal
20% → Tendulkar committee
(8) Ease of living → People feel uneasiness due to road blocks because of long running infrastructure project
(9) Promotion of Multimodal transportation helpful in environment also
Close
Transport through road is least efficient
PM GATI SHAKTI have potential of transforming India's growth journey with help of Private sector, better coordination among ministries PM GATI SHAKTI can be achieved