AIR 53 · CSE 2024 · Sociology I · 44 pages

Shivani Panchal: Sociology I answer copy

5 answers by Shivani Panchal, as written in the test. Each question opens a page with how other toppers answered it.

The questions

  1. Q1(b)Max Weber, (c) Talcott Parsons, (d) Science and Religion
  2. Q1(c)UPSC mains answer transcription covering various sociological concepts.
  3. Q4(c)4(c)
  4. Q5(d)5(d)
  5. QAnswer 1(a). Briefly explain the presentation of exploitation and other facets of Karl Marx's sociological work.

The answers

Question 1(b) · 380 words written

Max Weber, (c) Talcott Parsons, (d) Science and Religion

Opening

1(b) Max Weber in his work "The methodology of social science" gave the various methods to establish a causal relations during sociological study.

Eg: Ideal type, Verstehen method.

Ideal Types is a method in which one point of view is accentuated by "one/more point of view" including other factors. He used this method for the work like "Protestant ethics and Capitalism" to establish relation among two.

Features

Body · points and prose

  1. It act as a measuring rod (Lachman)
  2. It work as heuristic device to evaluate the standards of particular institution Eg: Bureaucracy -> professionalism, effectivity, rule based

But there are various challenges with the methodology

  1. Provide an idealistic standards, which may or may not applicable
  2. The subjectivity in ones point of view
  3. One side accentuation Eg: In Protestant ethics study only cultural aspect.

Ans 1(c) Taltot Parson, structural functionalist provided the functional paradigm mechanism to understand the functionality of various social institution and atlaing the social order.

Diagram
Adaptation | Goal achievement ---------- | -------------- Latency | Integration Organism System | Political --------------- | --------- Cultural | Society

Application on education system

  1. Adaptation to the exterior and interior environment. Schools teaches the socialisation to develope the self and adapt with society

Eg: For employment, basic qualification is required to adapt in industry 2. Goal attainment :- schools/colleges provide the basic skill set to achieve goals Eg: Time management via balancing academics and extra curriculum 3. Integration : The value system of brotherhood and friendship taught in educational institution Eg: sharing lunch box with others 4. Latency to bring back an equilibrium social order Eg: Reward-punishment system to obey certain rules

Ans 1(d) Albert Einstein has said that "science without religion is lame, religion without science is blind".

This quote reflects the mutual interdependence among science and religion.

  1. Religion provided the science the opportunity to showcase rationality. Eg: The natural disaster phenomenon Tsunamis due to ocean temperature rise.
  2. Belief and moral values of religion provided rationalism in awake of adversely Eg: worship by Trobriand tribe before going on fishing.
  3. Science provided religion platform to spread via technological means Eg: Due Darshan TV
  4. The science let the certain institution to evolve away from religion.

Close

Eg: cloud seeding technique in raining.

Although both reinforced each other but there are conflicts as well, like animism etc. "Steve Bruce" has said that science and religion can go hand in hand.