AIR 27 · CSE 2021 · GS2 · 52 pages

Saksham Goel: GS2 answer copy

18 answers by Saksham Goel, as written in the test. Each question opens a page with how other toppers answered it.

The questions

  1. Q1Do you believe that as of late, giving citizenship in India is moving from Jus Soli to Jus Sanguine? Examine the statement with respect to Citizenship Amendment Act 2019? Recently the govt extended reservation to the EWS section through 103rd Amendt. In this context, examine the tool of reservation as a measure towards social justice.15 marks
  2. Q2"In India regulatory standard and compliance is not the problem rather effective enforcement and timeliness is." Critically Examine10 marks
  3. Q3Discuss the significance of audio or video recording of court proceedings towards enhancing transparency in judiciary.10 marks
  4. Q4The MPLADS scheme goes against the spirit of 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Acts. Examine.10 marks
  5. Q5The recent pandemic has increased the vulnerability to human trafficking and disrupted the government's anti-traffic efforts. Comment10 marks
  6. Q6Discuss the need and objectives of social legislation? Highlight the importance of social legislation in eradicating poverty in India.10 marks
  7. Q7Discuss the significance of the pre-legislative consultation policy in a diverse country like India. Also, analyse the pre-legislative policy of 2014 as an instrument to enhance participative democracy.10 marks
  8. Q8Explain various components of e-Prisons in India? Discuss the significance of e-Prisons to Criminal Justice System.
  9. Q9Instability in Myanmar erodes progress made by India in the last decade and significantly affects India's strategic interests. Comment10 marks
  10. Q10India-Russia relations lack diversity and strength in changing global geopolitics. Analyse.
  11. Q11Enumerate the key provisions for states in 6th Schedule and discuss the structural issues plaguing the effective functioning of autonomous districts.
  12. Q12For the success and survival of democracy, an efficient opposition is quintessential. Elaborate What do you understand by Doctrine of Severability? Why the Supreme Court struck down the 97th Constn. Amendt and how it impacts the federal structure of India?15 marks
  13. Q14Why is Election Commission termed as the watchdog of democracy? What institutional reforms in the EC can make it an effective institution to strengthen democracy in India?15 marks
  14. Q15The extension Act 1996 is a paradigm shifting legislation concerning tribal empowerment and governance, but forest bureaucracy and its minimal interpretation of the law has dented its objective even after 25 years. Comment15 marks
  15. Q16Good governance requires institutional reforms in governance and dynamic policy shifts. Enumerate the reforms undertaken by government in this direction.15 marks
  16. Q18Discuss the major causes for the growing drug menace in India. How can the amendt in the existng NDPS Act can help address these issues effectively?15 marks
  17. Q19It is often argued that SAARC did not have a promising childhood but it can expect a better adulthood. In light of this statement, explain the reasons for the failure of SAARC and need for its revival.15 marks
  18. Q20Quad is a decisive step towards the consolidation of a strategic partnership with the USA and its Asian allies and in enhancing Delhi's bargaining power vis-a-vis Beijing

The answers

Question 1 · 15 marks · 407 words written

Do you believe that as of late, giving citizenship in India is moving from Jus Soli to Jus Sanguine? Examine the statement with respect to Citizenship Amendment Act 2019? Recently the govt extended reservation to the EWS section through 103rd Amendt. In this context, examine the tool of reservation as a measure towards social justice.

Opening

Citizenship Amendment Act 2019 aimed to secure citizenship process in a fast track fashion for the religious minorities in neighbouring states with a state religion viz. Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh to give refuge from religious persecution.

Jus soli i.e. birthright based citizenship as the basis applies to the people born in India. In effect residence is primary.

Jus sanguine i.e. descent is based on identity and lineage.

Citizenship Amendment act can be said to be a move towards jus sanguine as:-

Body · points and prose

(1) Identity - religious - is the basis of fast tracking of process (2) Aspertions around the idea of "Hindu" being primarily identity of nation has been cast (3) Context of North East and immigrations is also relevant (4) Idea of extra-religious persecutions is beyond the purview.

However, given jus soli remains primary criteria as:- (1) The Act is limited till a sunset clause which is lapsed (2) It is for a very specific number of people and that too only fast tracking.

Citizenship is the right of every Indian and an entitlement irrespective of caste, class, creed, sex or religion.

Affirmative action for social justice in India took the form of reservations in 3 generations:-

1950s → Scheduled Castes and Tribes 1990s → Other Backward Classes 2019 → Economically weaker sections

Arguments in favour of reservations (1) Inequality of opportunity in education, resources and others sought to be corrected (2) Compensation for historical wrongs (3) Empowerment to break the glass ceiling of economic and social shackles.

Diagram
- A diagram showing three people of different heights standing behind a fence. One person is on two boxes, one on one box, and one on zero boxes, so that they all see over the fence equally. - Label: Reservation (empowerment) - Label: Equal opportunity

(4) As a welfarist tool to ensure political democracy results in economic and social equity (Dr. Ambedkar). (5) Inclusive growth and development of all.

Arguments against EWS

(1) Pratap Bhanu Mehta argues that reservation policy is too weak to bear the burden of EWS. (2) The criteria of economic conditions is based on weak documentation system, argues Yogendra Yadav. (3) Whereas SC, ST, OBC are social justice oriented empowerment based on historical injustice, EWS is incomparable.

Way Forward

  1. Couple reservation policy on school-level empowerment, scholarship programme
  2. The idea of "catching up" classes for SC, ST, OBC, EWS students in universities
  3. Contemplate idea of creamy layer/ Sub-categorisation of reservations
  4. Awareness campaigns, role-model based psychological empowerment and social movements for overall alleviation.

Close · a way forward

Reservation is a time tested tool for affirmative action in India for social equity and empowerment which is further strengthened by EWS. Moving forward, fine-tuning of policy is needed for true empowerment of the deserving.