AIR 384 · CSE 2025 · GS2 · 56 pages

Rupam Arora: GS2 answer copy

20 answers by Rupam Arora, as written in the test. Each question opens a page with how other toppers answered it.

The questions

  1. Q1“Constitutional morality acts as both a restraint and an enabler in a democratic society”. Critically examine this statement in the context of recent judicial interpretations in India.10 marks
  2. Q2Discuss the relevance and challenges of holding simultaneous elections in India. Would it strengthen federalism or undermine it?10 marks
  3. Q3The role of tribunals in India has expanded but concerns about their independence and effectiveness persist. Critically evaluate the current tribunal system in light of recent judicial and legislative developments.10 marks
  4. Q4In light of increasing defections and political instability, do you think the Tenth Schedule of the Constitution needs a relook? Suggest reforms for strengthening anti-defection law.10 marks
  5. Q5"The success of good governance lies in citizen-centric administration." Examine the significance of the Sevottam model in this context.10 marks
  6. Q6How do Self-Help Groups (SHGs) contribute to participatory governance in India?10 marks
  7. Q7“The rise of technocracy in Indian governance risks depoliticizing policymaking”. Critically examine its role in democratic governance.10 marks
  8. Q8How does PARAKH address assessment disparities and promote holistic education? Discuss the challenges associated with its implementation.10 marks
  9. Q9What is Minilateralism? Examine the role of minilateral groupings such as the Quad and the Squad in countering China's assertiveness in the Indo-Pacific region.10 marks
  10. Q10India’s foreign policy is increasingly navigating a “post-Western” global order. Critically examine this trend and its strategic consequences for India’s multilateral engagement.10 marks
  11. Q11"The Speaker plays a vital role in upholding the integrity of parliamentary proceedings, but increasing politicization has raised questions about the impartiality of the office." Critically examine the role, powers and challenges faced by the Speaker in the Indian parliamentary system.15 marks
  12. Q12The insertion of "Socialist" and "Secular" into the Preamble through the 42nd Amendment sparked enduring debates on constitutional morality and ideological identity. Examine the historical context and contemporary relevance of these additions.15 marks
  13. Q13Discuss the statutory basis, jurisdiction, and functions of the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) in India. Critically analyze the challenges to its autonomy and effectiveness.15 marks
  14. Q14Discuss the causes and consequences of fiscal imbalance between the Centre and the states in India. How has the introduction of GST impacted the financial autonomy of states?15 marks
  15. Q15"The shift from 'government' to 'governance' has created a complex network of actors, but not necessarily accountability." Critically evaluate this statement in the Indian context.15 marks
  16. Q16Despite multiple judicial pronouncements, police reforms remain elusive in India. Examine the systemic obstacles and suggest a viable roadmap.15 marks
  17. Q17"Affirmative action has achieved representation but not transformation". Critically analyze this statement in light of reservation policies and socio-economic data.15 marks
  18. Q1815 "Capacity building is essential for ensuring inclusive growth and effective social justice delivery." Examine the role of capacity-building initiatives in improving outcomes in education, health, and skill development in India.15 marks
  19. Q19The expansion of BRICS reflects changing power dynamics in global politics. Discuss the strategic, economic, and diplomatic implications for India.15 marks
  20. Q20"The strategic embrace of Israel and continued commitment to Palestine is a paradox that defines India's West Asia policy." Critically analyze this dual diplomacy.15 marks

The answers

Question 1 · 10 marks · 160 words written

“Constitutional morality acts as both a restraint and an enabler in a democratic society”. Critically examine this statement in the context of recent judicial interpretations in India.

Opening · a definition

Constitutional morality refers to adherence to values of equality, liberty, justice, fraternity and more as enshrined in the Indian Constitution.

Body · points

As a Restraint

→ Limits power of state and risk of majoritarianism in a democracy, that may undermine rights of individual & especially minorities.

→ Navtej Singh Johar Case - SC decriminalised homosexuality, emphasing that popular morality can not override constitutional morality.

→ Sabrimala Case - court put an end to discriminatory practices against women with respect to temple entry.

As an Enabler.

→ It empowers vulnerable sections and individuals to ensure opportunity for development, dignity and justice.

→ Joseph Shine Case - Adultery was decriminalised - (equality & dignity)

→ Shayara Bano case - Tripple Talaq (Talaq-e-Biddat) was declared unconstitutional (Constitutional morality over religious freedom) → discriminatory

Close · a summary

In a heterogeneous society like India, Constitutional morality acts as both a safeguard & a guiding light to better our society & legislations in line with modern humanistic, developmental & equitable principles.