AIR 89 · CSE 2024 · GS2 · 52 pages

Ria Kaur Sethi: GS2 answer copy

19 answers by Ria Kaur Sethi, as written in the test. Each question opens a page with how other toppers answered it.

The questions

  1. Q1The Indian Constitution does not embody a strict separation of powers rather it introduces a system of checks and balances, with overlapping functions and interdependencies among the legislature, executive, and judiciary. Elaborate.10 marks
  2. Q2Recently, the Supreme Court has expanded the scope of Articles 14 and 21 to include the "right to be safeguarded from adverse effects of climate change". In this context, citing relevant case laws, discuss the role played by Indian judiciary in 'constitutionalization' of environmental issues.10 marks
  3. Q4Assess the effectiveness of SEBI in fulfilling its envisaged role of regulating the securities market, ensuring transparency, and protecting investors' interests.10 marks
  4. Q5The foundational strength of the Indian Constitution stems from its ability to integrate diverse socio-political perspectives. Elucidate.10 marks
  5. Q6Parliamentary committees serve as vital tools for legislative oversight, ensuring accountability and governance processes. In light of the statement, examine the role of the Public Accounts Committee in establishing financial accountability of the executive.10 marks
  6. Q7Without addressing the issues that hinder the full and effective participation of persons with disabilities in political and public life, the goal of achieving inclusiveness and their empowerment will remain unattainable. Analyze.10 marks
  7. Q8What roles do community-based interventions play in enhancing access to preventive and promotive services in India?10 marks
  8. Q9The current composition of the UNSC, with under-representation and un-representation of key regions is detrimental to its legitimacy and effectiveness, underscoring the urgent need for reforms.10 marks
  9. Q10"The ongoing internal crisis in Myanmar is impeding India's Act East Policy." In light of the statement, discuss the measures taken by India to deal with the crisis and associated challenges.10 marks
  10. Q11"The Basic Structure doctrine, while safeguarding the core principles of the Constitution against majoritarian impulses, is also criticized for enabling judicial overreach and disturbing the balance of power as envisioned by the Constitution." Elaborate.15 marks
  11. Q12Enumerate the salient features of Representation of People's Act, 1951. In your opinion, what amendments are needed in the Act to further the cause of free and fair elections in light of contemporary challenges.15 marks
  12. Q13The cooperative nature of Indian federalism is being increasingly challenged by emerging differences in Centre-State relations. Discuss. What steps can be taken to strengthen the cooperative spirit of Indian federalism?15 marks
  13. Q14Parliamentary privileges are fundamental for lawmakers to discharge their duties without undue influence. However, ensuring the responsible exercise of these privileges is crucial for fostering public trust and ensuring the accountability of public institutions. Analyse.15 marks
  14. Q15The Constitution of India provides several rights that empower the individual, yet it balances these freedoms with larger public interest. Discuss how constitutional restrictions on fundamental rights strike a fine balance between individual interests and societal interests. Also, mention the principles that are considered in evaluating the reasonableness of restrictions with reference case laws.15 marks
  15. Q16Self-Help Groups (SHGs) can play a crucial role in alleviating rural poverty by providing women with access to microfinance, enabling them to start small businesses and improve their livelihoods.15 marks
  16. Q17Despite the implementation of numerous policies and schemes aimed at combating hunger and malnutrition in the country, their effectiveness remains limited. Analyse.15 marks
  17. Q18The true test of good governance is the degree to which it ensures accountability towards citizens and the promise of sustainable and inclusive human development. Discuss in the context of challenges to good governance in India.15 marks
  18. Q19As the principal judicial organ of the United Nations, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) provides a judicial mechanism for the peaceful resolution of international disputes. In this context, throw light on the structure and mandate. Also highlight the challenges it faces in fulfilling its mandate.15 marks
  19. Q20Geopolitical shifts pose challenges to India-Russia relations, yet the relationship remains robust, driven by deep-rooted trust and a shared commitment to sustain a multifaceted strategic partnership. Analyse.15 marks

The answers

Question 1 · 10 marks · 273 words written

The Indian Constitution does not embody a strict separation of powers rather it introduces a system of checks and balances, with overlapping functions and interdependencies among the legislature, executive, and judiciary. Elaborate.

Opening

The Indian Constitution unlike that of US, has a flexible separation of powers to ensure checks & balances between organs.

Body · points

Overlapping of functions

  1. Legislature encroaching into

1.1 Executive → By keeping a check through vote of no confidence, question hour, adjournment motion.

1.2 Judiciary → Impeachment of CJI, SC Judges, President, vice President. → Anti defection law judgements by speaker.

  1. Judiciary overlap with 2.1 legislature → through Vishakha guidelines, and guidelines on delhi pollution 2.2 executive → Quasi Judicial Bodies like tribunals.

  2. Executive 3.1 legislature → through ordinances, delegated legislation eg IT rules. 3.2 Judiciary → Magistrates in tribunals eg CAT, SAT.

Hence, India's separation of power resounds stability while ensuring check on powers through constitution - also.

The Speaker is a constitutional office to safeguard the house of dignified debates & maintain decorum.

Recent instances of trust erosion:

  1. Voice vote taken on important issues. → Recently in RS, despite demands for ballot vote → voice vote was used for farm bills.

  2. Suspension of >100 MPs from Parliament session → undermines dignity & quality of debate.

  3. Time given to opposition MP's was wanting → only 2 Private Member Bills were discussed.

  4. Recent case of misbehaviour with female RS representative → concerns dignity of house.

However, following steps can help achieve balance

  1. Follow UK's model of 'once a speaker, always a speaker' to ensure impartiality.
  2. Election of deputy speaker need to take place at earliest.
  3. Codification of Parliamentary Privileges for reduced discretion of Speaker.

Close · a way forward

Hence, with 2026 as year of delimitation, the importance of role of Speaker increases & hence reforms are needed.