Q1(a)Comment on the following in about 150 words each: 10x5=10 marks
Q1(b)Ecological Anthropology and Ecosystem approach10 marks
Q1(c)Phenomenology in Anthropological research10 marks
Q1(d)Etic vs Emic approach of study10 marks
Q1(e)Allosomal Aberrations in Humans10 marks
Q2(a)Fieldwork has been central to anthropology, but it is not a static tradition. Critically examine the evolution of fieldwork traditions with respect to changing ethical, technological, and socio-political contexts.20 marks
Q2(b)"Objectivity in anthropological fieldwork is both essential and elusive." Critically discuss with examples.15 marks
Q2(c)Discuss the epidemiology of infectious diseases in humans.15 marks
Q3(a)“Biocultural adaptation is the cornerstone of human evolutionary success.” Discuss.20 marks
Q3(b)Briefly explain the anthropological significance of twin studies in disentangling genetic and environmental factors.15 marks
Q3(c)Examine the role of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in understanding the genetic structure of human populations. Also discuss the assumptions and limitations of the model.15 marks
Q4(a)Briefly explain the pedigree analysis method and its utility in studying single-gene disorders.20 marks
Q4(b)Explain the significance of Screening and Counselling for prevention of Genetic Disorders.15 marks
Q4(c)Discuss the importance of immunological and biochemical methods in the detection of genetic disorders.15 marks
Q5(a)Answer the following in about 150 words each: 10x5=50 (a) Sampling Method in Anthropological research10 marks
Q5(b)Mutations and its role in human evolution10 marks
Q5(c)Oral history and its relevance10 marks
Q5(d)Distinguish between method, technique, and methodology10 marks
Q5(e)Genetic Markers and significance of blood group as genetic markers10 marks
Q6(a)“The idea of race is both scientifically obsolete and politically dangerous.” Examine this statement using evidence from genetic studies, anthropological debates, and historical misuse racial classification.20 marks
Q6(b)What is meant by epidemiological transition? Elaborate upon its causes and consequences.15 marks
Q6(c)How does 'Natural Selection' operate to bring about changes in gene frequencies? Illustrate with a human example.15 marks
Q7(a)“Mendel’s work laid the foundation of genetics, but human inheritance goes far beyond simple dominant and recessive traits.” Discuss.20 marks
Q7(b)How has interpretation and presentation of data changed from classic to contemporary writings in anthropological texts.15 marks
Q7(c)Discuss how ecological stresses influence both genetic and non-genetic human adaptations. Illustrate with examples from hot deserts and cold climates.15 marks
Q8(a)Briefly describe various methods used in genetic study of man.20 marks
Q8(b)Everything has turned out to be at least somewhat heritable (passed down), yet nothing has turned out to be absolutely heritable. Explain the statement in context of nature-nurture debate in Anthropology.15 marks
Q8(c)What role does cultural beliefs, practices, and norms play in shaping health behaviours and disease prevention strategies? Also explain Epidemiology of Heart related deaths in India.15 marks