AIR 177 · CSE 2020 · ANT2 · 26 pages

PRATIK JUIKAR: ANT2 answer copy

10 answers by PRATIK JUIKAR, as written in the test.

The questions

  1. Q1c) Philosophy behind Purushartha (10)10 marks
  2. Q1(a)Explain the debate about Negroid elements in Indian population.10 marks
  3. Q1(b)Dravidian linguistic family in Indian population10 marks
  4. Q1(d)Q.1 (d) Sacred Geography (10)10 marks
  5. Q1(e)Examine the prevalence of caste ideology among religious minorities in Indian context.10 marks
  6. Q2(a)Impact of Buddhism and Jainism on Indian Population15 marks
  7. Q2(b)Nature Man Spirit complex and its relevance in tribal development.15 marks
  8. Q2(c)Explain concept of Dominant caste and its relevance in contemporary times with examples.20 marks
  9. Q3(a)Explain steps taken by Indian government for population control since independence. Also give some policy recommendations.20 marks
  10. Q3(b)Caste Mobility and its significance5 marks

The answers

Question 1 · 10 marks · 258 words written

c) Philosophy behind Purushartha (10)

Opening · a definition

Purushartha, literally meaning 'object of human pursuit' is a basic tenet of Hindu social system. It refers to the 4 goals or aims of human life to achieve salvation.

Body · points

  • Origin of purushartha can be traced to Upanishads and Samhitas where Trivargas - Dharma, Artha, Kama have been mentioned to achieve Moksha. These 4 goals could be visualised as -
Diagram
[Moksha] (upwards arrow from Dharma) [Dharma] (upwards arrows from Artha, Kama) [Artha] --- [Kama] [Moksha] <--- [Sanyasa] <--- [Vanprastha] <--- [Grihastha] <--- [Brahmacharya] (clockwise cycle) [Dharma] in centre, with arrows pointing to all four.

Fig 1: 4 purusharthas Fig 2: Relation with 4 Ashramas

① Dharma

  • It is a centripetal force that holds values & objectives of life of man is expected to follow.
  • Dharmashastras such as Manusmriti, Yajnavalkya-smriti indicate principles for Dharma.
  • It is a regulative principle which regulates enjoyment of Artha & kama.

② Artha • It is a necessity of a man in Grihasthashram to fulfill his needs by acquiring wealth & power by righteous means. • Literature such as Kautilya's Arthashastra give rules for Artha.

③ Kama • It means seeking pleasures through satisfaction of senses, impulses, instincts and desires. • Kamasutra, Ratirahasya etc. provide details. • According to Raghavan: Kama provides source from which all activities spring.

④ Moksha • It is the ultimate aim of salvation when soul merges with Brahman, thus breaking cycle of Birth and death. • Dumont highlights importance of moksha by saying that fulfilment of Trivagas is necessary to attain moksha.

• Functions / significance

Close · a summary

These goals provide direction to life of a person. They form the 'Psycho-moral basis' of Indian society. They motivate people and maintain social cohesion. Most importantly, they maintain balance of spiritual and material life.