AIR 306 · CSE 2023 · OPTIONAL · 45 pages

Pooja Malani: OPTIONAL answer copy

5 answers by Pooja Malani, as written in the test.

The questions

  1. Q1(c)Commercialisation of agriculture and 1(d) Secularism in India
  2. Q1(e)1(e)
  3. Q7(b)7(b)
  4. Q7(c)7(c)
  5. QExplain the role of planning in bringing about social change in India. Q1(b). Examine the role of MGNREGA in empowering rural population.

The answers

Question 1(c) · 319 words written

Commercialisation of agriculture and 1(d) Secularism in India

Opening

1(c) Commercialisation of agriculture can be defined as growing for market trading and growing cash crops instead of food.

Body

Causes

  1. Impact of British rule as they started plantations.
  2. Green revolution has created huge surplus for market trading - PC Joshi

Issues

  1. 'Agriculture' becomes remunerative so farmers take back land from tenants. This results into depeasantisation causing rise in agrarian proletariats - Daniel Thorner

  1. Imitation by small and marginal farmers in terms of buying HYV seeds resulted in Rural Indebtedness due to ecological failures.

  2. Entry of MNCs in farming through contract farming results into alienation from product and commodity fetishism. Further, pauperisation of Indian peasantry. - AR Vasavi

Economic crisis ┓ ┣ Anomie → Farmers suicide Ecological crisis ┛

Fig - P Sainath on farmers suicide.

Thus, commercialisation of agriculture is a double-edged sword which has both functional & dysfunctions.

1(d) Secularism is an ideology which stress upon separation of state and religion while Secularisation is an ongoing process.

Bryan Wilson defines secularisation as process of decreasing religion's influence over other non-religious spheres of education, politics, etc.

Nature of secularism in India

⇒ Indian secularism is based on doctrine of Sarva Dharma Sambhava which ensures equal respect to all religions. ⇒ Rajiv Bhargava terms it as principled distance approach, i.e., state's intervention is necessary for social reforms.

Critical views

  1. TK Oomen - Secularism in India is unique due to strong attachment of people with religion.
  2. Ashish Nandy - secular education has not proved effective in curbing Communalism.

Positive views

  1. Amartya Sen → India is duty bound to protect all religions, equally and to ensure peace.
  2. Andre Beteille → Indian secularism can't be challenged easily as Indian Constitution is acting as protecting wall.

Close

Thus one can say that Indian secularism is unique in itself. Neither weak, nor strong and not a Western copy.