AIR 545 · CSE 2025 · ANT1 · 84 pages

Patil Sairaj Panditrao: ANT1 answer copy

28 answers by Patil Sairaj Panditrao, as written in the test.

The questions

  1. Q1(a)Comment on the following in about 150 words each: 10x5=50 (a) Differentiate between sociolinguistics and ethnolinguistics.10 marks
  2. Q1(b)Code-switching' and its anthropological relevance.10 marks
  3. Q1(c)National Character Studies and its relevance.10 marks
  4. Q1(d)Concept of 'habitus' as developed by Pierre Bourdieu.10 marks
  5. Q1(e)Socio-Linguistics and Ethnography of Communication.10 marks
  6. Q2(a)Critically evaluate the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis in the light of contemporary linguistic anthropology.20 marks
  7. Q2(b)How does Durkheim's idea of sacred and profane provides an alternative to secularization thesis.15 marks
  8. Q2(c)“Anthropological theories are a reflection of the time and society in which they emerge.” Discuss with reference to at least three major schools of thought.15 marks
  9. Q3(a)Explain the basic features of Post-Modernism in anthropology highlighting the work done by Jaques Derrida and Michel Foucault.20 marks
  10. Q3(b)Explain the significance of Malinowski's participant observation in shaping fieldwork methodology.15 marks
  11. Q3(c)How do anthropologists interpret accusations of witchcraft in the context of gender, power, and marginalization?15 marks
  12. Q4(a)Define religion and discuss the various theoretical approaches used to study it in anthropology.20 marks
  13. Q4(b)How is totemism interpreted differently by Durkheim, Freud, and Levi-Strauss?15 marks
  14. Q4(c)Trace the evolution of anthropological thought from classical evolutionism to post-modernism. Highlight key theoretical shifts.15 marks
  15. Q5(a)Pattern of Culture and Special Genius.10 marks
  16. Q5(b)Contribution of David Schneider to school of Symbolic Anthropology.10 marks
  17. Q5(c)5.c) Structural-functionalism vs Structuralism.10 marks
  18. Q5(d)Sects and Cults.10 marks
  19. Q5(e)Austro-Asiatic family of Language.10 marks
  20. Q6(a)How did Malinowski view the functions of myth, magic, and religion in addressing the fundamental needs and concerns of human societies?20 marks
  21. Q6(b)The study of Basic Personality allows us to explore the deep-seated psychological motivations and conflicts that underlie cultural phenomena." Discuss in view of Abrahm Kardiner's Idea of Culture Personality School.15 marks
  22. Q6(c)Discuss the methods used in historical linguistics to reconstruct proto-languages.15 marks
  23. Q7(a)How does religious fundamentalism challenge the idea of cultural pluralism? Discuss with anthropological insight.20 marks
  24. Q7(b)Discuss Lewis Henry Morgan's evolutionary framework in anthropology. How did his theories reflect Western biases and assumptions about cultural superiority and progress?15 marks
  25. Q7(c)Briefly describe James Frazer's evolutionary model of magic, religion, and science.15 marks
  26. Q8(a)How does cultural materialism explain seemingly irrational practices in traditional societies? Use Harris's ethnographic case studies.20 marks
  27. Q8(b)Rather than dreaming up large, all-encompassing theories Boas wanted to put the discipline on a sound inductive footing. Comment.15 marks
  28. Q8(c)How do symbols act as instruments of social integration and differentiation in tribal societies? Illustrate with examples.15 marks

The answers

Question 1(a) · 10 marks · 215 words written

Comment on the following in about 150 words each: 10x5=50 (a) Differentiate between sociolinguistics and ethnolinguistics.

Opening

Sociolinguistics and ethno-linguistic are subschools of linguistic anthropology that seeks to study language & speech in relation to socio-cultural context across space & time.

SociolinguisticsEthnolinguistics
1) Investigates variation in language with social context1) Investigates relationship between culture & language
2) social context is reflected in language2) Language impacts culture & ideation of world (Linguistic Relativism)
→ Labov's study found impact of social status & relative hierarchy on language of communication→ Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
3) culture is reflected in language (cultural constructivism)

Body · points and prose

  1. Studies relationship of language with → Gender → Ethnicity → class & status

  2. Studies impact of language on perception of aeren ur- (non-art?) → Space → Time → Gender

  3. Case study

M. Mead & G. Bateson's study of Bojong Gede found that 'lower' classes use polished language while conversing with 'higher' class.

  1. Case study

E Sapir's study of Hopi found → Hopi don't have categories to measure exact time of past or future → Don't have directions but everything is in reference to local river

Close · a summary

Ethnolinguistics & socio-linguistics through ethnography of communication highlight that language carries meaning beyond itself. It an insight into society & cultural realities.