AIR 110 · CSE 2022 · ANT1 · 46 pages

Nidhi Pai: ANT1 answer copy

14 answers by Nidhi Pai, as written in the test.

The questions

  1. Q1(a)Write notes on the following in about 150 words each: (10 *5 = 50 Marks) A.Brief note on the Phylogenetic status in primatology A. What do you mean by Anthropology? Give a brief note about the major branches of Anthropology and elaborate in detail with special reference to archaeological anthropology.10 marks
  2. Q1(b)C. Ceremonial exchange types and significance B. Critically examine Darwin's theory of evolution in understanding Evolution with suitable examples."15 marks
  3. Q1(e)E. Rhodesian man
  4. Q4(a)A. Elucidate the significant role of binary opposites and exchange figures given by Levi-Strauss to describe the structural analysis of kinship in the school of structuralism.20 marks
  5. Q5Write notes on the following in about 150 words each: A. Evolution of Fieldwork tradition in Anthropology10 marks
  6. Q5(b)B. Discuss Sheldon's method of somatotype.
  7. Q5(c)C. Social context of linguistic anthropology.
  8. Q5(d)D. Contribution of Franz boas to the endangered language.
  9. Q7A. Define Somatotype? Describe the salient features of somatotype. Write its present relevance and significance with the various Growth methodologies involved in it.20 marks
  10. Q7(b)B. Critically evaluate the different factors affecting the growth and development of human beings.15 marks
  11. Q7(c)Discuss the Biological & Socio-Ecological factors influencing fertility, fecundity, and mortality in the present generation with suitable measures to control it.15 marks
  12. Q8(a)Write the meaning and scope of forensic anthropology and write a brief note on role of forensic anthropology in the field of personal identification highlight its challenges and limitations related to investigation methods?20 marks
  13. Q8(b)B. Write the meaning of the facial reconstruction and give a brief note on the anthropological inputs in facial reconstruction.?15 marks
  14. Q8(c)C. Elaborate on the role of heredity and environment in the formation of the races and substantiate whether race is the valid concept?15 marks

The answers

Question 1(a) · 10 marks · 519 words written

Write notes on the following in about 150 words each: (10 *5 = 50 Marks) A.Brief note on the Phylogenetic status in primatology A. What do you mean by Anthropology? Give a brief note about the major branches of Anthropology and elaborate in detail with special reference to archaeological anthropology.

Opening

Phylogenetic Status in primatology tries to explain the status or time frame of a fossil in human evolutionary timescale.

Body

  • Humans i.e the current day Homo sapiens evolved around 4-5 mya.
  • The earliest form of the current Homo sapiens are known to be Australopithecus.
  • Thus, the modern Homo Sapiens evolved over millions of years and phylogenetic status helps us know the homo evolutionary pattern on the time scale.
  • For example-
Diagram
H. Sapiens H. Archaic Neanderthans H. Erectus H. habilis / A. bosei / A. robustus | | (extinct) | 3 MYA --- Australopithecus Afarensis

→ Importance of Phylogenetic Status -

○ Helps us to better understand human evolution. ○ Comparative study with primates - primatology. ○ Helps us to know

  • how our cultural habits evolved.
  • how biological evolution i.e. bipedalism, erect posture e.t.c evolved.
  • the impact of environment on evolutionary process.
  • the evolution of various cultural institutions e.t.c.

(Ex) H. erectus can be categorized clearly and undisputedly as Homo.

(Ex) Invention of fire and gathering around fire led to social bonding, thus rise of various socio cultural institutions.

Thus, Phylogenetic Status helps us understand how we as humans evolved and that forms an important part of anthropological studies.

Anthropology is made from two words, Anthropos and logos that stands for study Humanity and study respectively. Thus, it stands for Study of Humanity. According to Herskovits, Anthropology is the study of humans across space and time. Aristotle defined Anthropology as the Gossip about man and Anthropologist as the Gossiper that talks about himself.

→ Major branches of anthropology ① Socio Cultural Anthropology

  • Study of culture and society and interplay between them according to Winnick.
  • Studies the evolution of various types of social institutions like Family, marriage, kinship e.t.c.
  • contributors - Malinowski, Brocon, Levi Strauss, Mead e.t.c.

② Biological / Physical Anthropology -

  • Contributors - Darwin, Wallace, Legros Clark, Lamarck, Mead, Auckerneck e.t.c
  • Oldest branch of anthropology.
  • Studies the physical and biological aspects of humans.
  • Sub fields - Paleontology, Neology, Gerontology, Genetics e.t.c.

③ Linguistic Anthropology -

  • contributors - Sapir, Whorf e.t.c.
  • Studies the evolution, origin and growth of language in a socio cultural context.
  • Studies both verbal and non verbal communication.
  • Sub fields / branches -
    • Text Free Linguistic anthropology.
    • Text Aided Linguistic anthropology.
    • Semantics e.t.c.

④ Archaeological Anthropology

  • A mix of Archaeology and Anthropology.
  • Study of fossils or archaeological remains in socio cultural setting or perspective.
  • Contributors - Mary Leakey, Louis Leakey, H.D. Shankalia, Robert Bruce Foote etc.

Importance of Archaeological Anthropology

  • Helps to understand the biological and socio cultural evolution of humans.
  • Use of absolute and relative dating methods to study the fossils.
  • Has contributed to other disciplines too like medicine etc.
  • Branches
  • Pre historic Archaeological Anthropology - before the invention of script of any type.
  • Proto historic Archaeological Anthropology - Study of archaeological remains in the absence of presence of script but the script has not been deciphered. (Ex) Indus valley civilization.
  • Text Free Archaeological Anthropology.
  • Text Aided Archaeological Anthropology.

Close

Thus, Archaeological Anthropology has helped humanity know answers to many questions on origin and growth of our species.