AIR 231 · CSE 2022 · ANT1 · 83 pages

Manan Bhat: ANT1 answer copy

23 answers by Manan Bhat, as written in the test.

The questions

  1. Q1(a)Write notes on the following in about 150 words each: Q.5) Write notes on the following in about 150 words each: (a) Kinship and gender role. (10 Marks) (c) Theories of Origin of Families.10 marks
  2. Q1(b)Distinguish between Pluralism and Multiculturalism. Redistribution in contemporary society.10 marks
  3. Q1(c)Division of Labour; Theories of Origin of Families.10 marks
  4. Q1(d)Kinship and power. Enculturation and Transculturation.10 marks
  5. Q1(e)Problems of Hunter gatherers in India. Economic transactions related to marriage.10 marks
  6. Q2(a)What are the two main schools in economic anthropology? What are the fundamental differences in their approach to the study of economic systems in simple societies?20 marks
  7. Q2(b)Elucidate the determinants of kinship terminology.15 marks
  8. Q2(c)Discuss different form of preferential marriages with examples from tribal societies in India.15 marks
  9. Q3(a)Discuss the impact of globalization on indigenous economy.20 marks
  10. Q3(b)Discuss the impact of Feminist and Women liberation movements on Marriage and Family.15 marks
  11. Q3(c)Critically analyse Functional Theory of Social Stratification.15 marks
  12. Q4(a)What are the main socio-cultural attributes of hunters-gatherers, pastoralists and intensive agriculturists?20 marks
  13. Q4(b)Explain the approaches of studying family in Anthropology.15 marks
  14. Q4(c)“Social Institutions are adaptive in nature.” Substantiate.15 marks
  15. Q6(a)Discuss various types of Family in brief. Explain causes of various residence pattern of family.20 marks
  16. Q6(b)Discuss the characteristics of tribal economy. Also discuss typology of tribal economy in India by L.P. Vidyarthi and Majumdar.15 marks
  17. Q6(c)Discuss the statement, "Culture is Superorganic".15 marks
  18. Q7(a)Briefly describe the factors responsible for decline in marriage in the world and also give anthropological interpretations of live in relationships.20 marks
  19. Q7(b)Culture is unique to human beings. Do you agree? Present arguments in favour and against the statement.15 marks
  20. Q7(c)Briefly discuss the characteristics of Food Producing Societies with appropriate examples.15 marks
  21. Q8(a)Describe the problems of Universal definition of marriage.15 marks
  22. Q8(b)Incest taboo is a pre-social social fact. Comment.15 marks
  23. Q8(c)What is the basis of Gender stratification? Also highlight the reasons for near universality of male dominance in societies across the world.20 marks

The answers

Question 1(a) · 10 marks · 339 words written

Write notes on the following in about 150 words each: Q.5) Write notes on the following in about 150 words each: (a) Kinship and gender role. (10 Marks) (c) Theories of Origin of Families.

Opening · no separate opening

None written.

Body · points and prose

(a) Cultural shock

Culture as per E.B Herskovist's is the man-made part of the environment i.e "the social environment".

Cultural shock refers to any "untoward event" within a cultural setting which disrupts the cultural structure of a society.

Such a cultural shock can result in disintegration of society if measures are not taken to pacify the cultural change.

e.g; large scale displacements of tribals from their ecological setting can result in disturbance of L.P. Vidyarthi's (NMS-complex); thereby disintegrating the cultural relations of the tribal society.

Relevance :- Can be used by anthropologists to study the effect of any outside interaction with the tribals so as to safeguard their cultural fabric; thereby ensuring peaceful coexistence of new cultural elements in traditional cultural settings of tribal society.

Q.5 (a) Kinship and gender role

As per Abercrombie; "Kinship" is the relationship developed on the basis of blood (real or supposed) and marriage.

How Kinship & gender role are related:-

(1) Tracing of a descent in unilineal form results in equal distribution of rights & obligations to both genders but further transmission is restricted by the descent rules.

(2) The sex of the speakers determines the Kinship terminologies which can be used from the other person.

(3) Kinship roles in most of the societies ensure greater solidarity with alliance partners along with behaviour of avoidance.

(4) Kinship terminologies in some societies ensure "terms" reflect the gender differences prevalent in the society e.g father & Mother.

Relevance :- Most of the Kinship studies are gender neutral wherein equal importance is given to both side of kin relations and each group has specific role in social solidarity.

Father side = formal relationship Mother side = Joking relationship

Q.5 (c) Theories of Origin of Families

Family as per Herskovitz is a social group established by common residence, economic cooperation and sexual needs of both spouses to be fulfilled within the group.

Theories of origin of families:-

(1) Morgan's evolution of family:-

Diagram
Consanguineous (Close relative relations) | Punaluian (Group relations) | Syndasmian (Opposite relations but seperated after marriage) | Polygynous (one spouse related to more than one spouse) | Monogamous (only 2 spouses present)

(1) Sex communism theory (2) Patriarchal theory (3) Matriarchal theory

Close

(Multifactor theory)