Kritika Goyal: GS4 answer copy

→ [e.g] - The idea of 'Danem' is highlighted in Indian religious texts

→ CORE VALUE IN PUBLIC LIFE

1. Builds compassionate Public life → [e.g] - IAS Prashant Nair's Compassionate Kozhikode

2. Builds Democratic Attitude in public life → [e.g] - IAS SR Sankaran known to obliterate bonded labour.

3. Ensures Salus Populi Supreme Lex i.e welfare of Public is maximum law.

4. Upholds 'idea of Sarvodaya through Antyodaya' as said by Gandhiji

5. Builds public faith and trust → e.g. IAS Ray Yadav adapted 5 Sikkim villages to develop them

→ MEASURES

1. Ethical literacy to build value of altruism [ARC-2]
2. National Pool of leaders to provide mentorship [Kiran Agarwal committee]
3. Involving citizens in administration [Citizen charter, Social Audit]
4. Classical conditioning of officers concerned
5. 360° evaluation should also look at this aspect of public servants.
6. Grievance Mechanisms, Codification of best practice

Above will ensure A human 'public service' to uphold social contract between governed and governance.

The above statement is consonant with ideas of Kant, Gandhiji as they called for use of right means and were proponents of deontological ethics.

→ [RIGHT ACTIONS] NOT [GOOD CONSEQUENCE]

1. Compliance with procedure is ensured. ↳ e.g. Fair hearing on land Acquisition

2. Public faith is ensured by right means. ↳ e.g. Merit based selections

3. Prevents crisis of conscience. ↳ e.g. Gandhiji had called off NCM on violence.

4. Long term Benefits are ensured. ↳ e.g. - Refugee protection to refugees (Tibetan)

5. Upholds Minority rights ↳ e.g. - Transgenders right to sexual orientation

6. Sustainable development promoted ↳ e.g. - Conducting Environment Impact Assessment

7. Aligns with golden rule of conduct i.e To treat others As you want yourself to be treated.

∴ Right Actions ensure human beings are treated As ends And Not Means To Achieve Something.

The Police Forces continue an important thread in public services to maintain law and order, security in country.

ETHICAL CHALLENGES

1. Conducting a fair investigation is challenge. → e.g - resorting to 3rd degree method to be avoided.

2. Political Interference is another challenge. → eg - IPS D. Roopa resisted it to expose corruption in Bangalore Prison.

3. Trust deficit is high between public and police → e.g - Kasganj custodial torture death.

4. Rule of law v. Public demand for justice → e.g - Fake encounters to serve public satiate for justice.

5. Nexus between police, politicians, corporate houses → e.g - Maradu illegal construction (Kerala)

REASONS

1. Lack of Accountability mechanism
2. A 311 delays inquiry (ARC-2)
3. In house inquiry mechanism is poor
4. Public Acceptance of Corruption. giving license
5. Political Patronage is another reason.
6. Lack of Ethical literacy.

WAY AHEAD

• (1) Sensitizing officials & show zero tolerance to corruption
• (2) Strong Investigation mechanism (ARC-2)
• (3) Ethical literacy course to uphold Constitutional morality
• (4) Ratifying Convention Against Torture

The Prakash Singh Judgment Guidelines to be implemented to build humane police

Ethical Corporate Governance refers to managing and directing company to balance individual and community goals, to balance economic growth and environment. [Cadbury Committee]

→ SPIRIT NEEDED

1. To uphold all rules and regulations → e.g Business Responsibility and Sustainability Report [SEBI]

2. To uphold ideal of trusteeship, ideal of sarvodaya through Antyodaya

3. Following Corporate Social Responsibility Norms → e.g Mahendra's Nanhi kali for girl empowerment

4. To Practice Compassionate Capitalism → e.g - Bill And Melinda Gates foundation

5. Care for Environment → e.g - Wipro to go carbon neutral by 2050.

6. Respecting All Stakeholders → E.g Annual general meetings

→ STRUCTURE NEEDED

1. Appointing Independent Directors for Accountability and Transparency

2. Clause 49 of listing Agreement mandated structure follow → abide by rules.

3. Board of Directors to be constituted. → for holistic decision.

4. Women directors → gender equality

→ The combination of both ensure that Stakeholder Capitalism is followed and care for people, planet and profits achieved