AIR 71 · CSE 2025 · GS3 · 27 pages

Devyanshi Kaura: GS3 answer copy

10 answers by Devyanshi Kaura, as written in the test. Each question opens a page with how other toppers answered it.

The questions

  1. Q1Differentiate between 'growth' and 'development'. What explains the phenomena of 'jobless growth' in the economy in the recent past? Suggest measures to meet the challenges therein.10 marks
  2. Q2Fiscal policy can serve as a vital instrument in diminishing income inequality and fostering inclusive development. Discuss in the context of India.10 marks
  3. Q3Examine various advantages and disadvantages of outcome budgeting and assess its status in the country.10 marks
  4. Q4Though a critical component of India's growth engine, MSMEs grapple with multitude of challenges. Discuss. Also, suggest measures to support the growth of the MSME sector.10 marks
  5. Q5Fintech's transformative capacity in fostering financial inclusion is evident but unlocking its full potential demands addressing key challenges. Discuss.10 marks
  6. Q6What are the reasons for the huge growth of services vis-a-vis industry in the country? Explain the significance of a strong industrial base for self-reliant India ('Atmanirbhar Bharat')?15 marks
  7. Q7UBI aims to empower India's diverse population by providing unconditional financial support, allowing individuals to fulfill their needs according to their unique circumstances and aspirations. In this context, assess the impact of replacing welfare schemes with a universal basic income.15 marks
  8. Q8Digital commerce is rapidly changing the way of doing business in the country, but its growth is beset with multiple challenges. Discussing the challenges, examine the role of Open Network Digital Commerce (ONDC) in addressing them.15 marks
  9. Q9The economic reforms of 1991 marked a significant leap forward for India's economy, ushering in a new era of liberalization, privatization, and globalization; however, as India marches towards 'Viksit Bharat' (developed India), the need is felt for 'Reforms 2.0'. Comment.15 marks
  10. Q10Despite the recent rise in Female Labour Force Participation Rate (FLFPR), India has significant ground to cover in ensuring greater female participation in its labor force. Enumerating the reasons for low female labor force participation in the country, suggest remedial measures.15 marks

The answers

Question 1 · 10 marks · 113 words written

Differentiate between 'growth' and 'development'. What explains the phenomena of 'jobless growth' in the economy in the recent past? Suggest measures to meet the challenges therein.

Opening

Growth and development are part of same paradigms - absence of one constrains the other. India's jobless growth story is a case in point - without job creation, growth cannot be sustained and vice versa.

Body · points and prose

Growth and development are part of same paradigms - absence of one constrains the other. India's jobless growth story is a case in point - without job creation, growth cannot be sustained and vice versa.

Growth v/s Development

  • Growth: Refers to simple increase in aggregate economic activity across time. Measured in terms of GDP/income alone.
  • Development: Refers to the sum total of increase in quality of human life across time. Measured through multiple indicators like health, education, amenities, income.
Diagram
Jobless Growth since 2000s - Stagnation of manufacturing - 16% of GDP since the 1990s - Main source of labor absorption. - Services share increasing - around 55% now - but mostly in professional services like IT, finance - very low employment elasticity. - Manufacturing activity led by capital intensive sectors based on productivity increase - automotives, pharmaceuticals. - rising contractualisation in both formal and informal sector.

Essential, growth has been productivity led, not employment led.

Diagram
Measures to meet challenge of jobless growth - Development of physical infrastructure to give boost to manufacturing - Incentive schemes like PLI to revive manufacturing - Promoting use of labor using tech in production - Skilling and vocational education focus to bridge gap between unskilled and highly skilled workers. - Simplification of labor laws to encourage mass hiring

Employment intensive manufacturing is the panacea to our unemployment as well as growth problem, we must focus all efforts for the same.

Close · a way forward

Essential, growth has been productivity led, not employment led. Employment intensive manufacturing is the panacea to our unemployment as well as growth problem, we must focus all efforts for the same.