AIR 152 · CSE 2025 · GS3 · 56 pages

Dev Dudeja: GS3 answer copy

20 answers by Dev Dudeja, as written in the test. Each question opens a page with how other toppers answered it.

The questions

  1. Q1Despite the multidimensional nature of poverty in India, consumption expenditure continues to dominate its official measurement. Discuss the limitations of this approach and suggest alternative frameworks for designing inclusive welfare policies.10 marks
  2. Q2The 2025 Economic Survey has highlighted deregulation as a tool for financial deepening. In this context, enumerate the potential benefits and risks of deregulation in the financial services sector.10 marks
  3. Q3Assess the impact of the revised MSME definitions on the growth and formalisation of micro and small enterprises.10 marks
  4. Q4Evaluate the merits and demerits of maintaining rigid Priority Sector Lending (PSL) quotas versus adopting market-driven credit allocation mechanisms to achieve inclusive growth.10 marks
  5. Q5Analyse the regional shifts in the cropping patterns of India. Discuss the long-term implications of this shift on nutritional security and water sustainability.10 marks
  6. Q6Despite diversification, rural India faces economic stagnation. Discuss how value chain integration through food processing can revitalise the rural economy.10 marks
  7. Q7What is ground-level ozone pollution? How is it formed, and what are its effects on human health and the environment? In what way is it becoming a serious concern for Indian cities?10 marks
  8. Q8Nanotechnology represents a paradigm shift from ‘bigger is better’ to ‘smaller is smarter.’ In this context, examine the transformative potential of nanotechnology in the fulfilment of India’s environmental goals.10 marks
  9. Q9What is ‘Indirect Prompt Injection’ in the context of AI chatbots? Examine its potential impact on the reliability of digital assistants and the privacy of end users.10 marks
  10. Q10Analyse the major reasons for the spread and survival of Naxalism. What solutions do you suggest to curb it?10 marks
  11. Q11"Non-tariff measures have become a key instrument of economic diplomacy and protectionism in the post-globalisation era." Evaluate how India can balance compliance with global trade rules while safeguarding its economic interests.15 marks
  12. Q12Discuss the macroeconomic risks posed by unregulated Virtual Digital Assets. How can India reconcile its financial stability objectives with the opportunities offered by blockchain innovation?15 marks
  13. Q13"Despite progressive measures, gender budgeting in India has not translated into substantial gender equity." Discuss the major bottlenecks in its implementation and suggest government measures to make it more impactful.15 marks
  14. Q14What is a Regenerative Blue Economy? How does it differ from conventional blue growth models? Highlight the role of the Regenerative Blue Economy in mitigating climate change and halting biodiversity loss.15 marks
  15. Q15Do you think India’s ethanol blending programme can significantly enhance energy security in the coming decade? Justify your answer.15 marks
  16. Q16The coexistence of physical and economic water scarcity in Indian agriculture reflects a deeper crisis in water governance. Examine the factors contributing to this and suggest reforms to make irrigation more equitable and sustainable.15 marks
  17. Q17The absolute monopoly of Indian Railways has constrained its capacity for modernisation and efficiency. In this context, do you agree that privatisation is a viable solution? Substantiate your answer.15 marks
  18. Q18What is Near Field Communication (NFC) technology, and how is it enabling tap-to-pay transactions? Highlight its benefits and limitations? Does it carry any potential risks?15 marks
  19. Q19Discuss how the shift from cash-based transactions to digital financial networks in drug trafficking and money laundering poses new challenges for enforcement agencies. What countermeasures should be taken to prevent the same?15 marks
  20. Q20The retreat of Himalayan glaciers, driven by global warming, has increased the frequency and intensity of Glacial Lake Outburst Floods. Discuss the underlying causes of Glacial Lake Outburst Floods and recommend adaptive strategies to manage such disasters effectively.15 marks

The answers

Question 1 · 10 marks · 174 words written

Despite the multidimensional nature of poverty in India, consumption expenditure continues to dominate its official measurement. Discuss the limitations of this approach and suggest alternative frameworks for designing inclusive welfare policies.

Opening · a figure

Poverty in India is measured through consumption expenditure as given by Tendulkar committee. Recent household Consumption expenditure survey (HCES) showed increase in rural and Urban consumption.

Body · points and prose

Diagram
- Central Node: Multidimensional Nature of Poverty in India - 1) Lack of Access to Nutritious food - 2) Basic education Deficiency - 3) Income Divide and Disparity - 4) pay gap Disparity - 5) Under nourishment is 13.6% (PLFS-5) - 6) Rural and regional Divide - 7) women earning 38% of Men - 8) 11.9% poverty in India - Pyramid chart depicting poverty status: - Top: 11.9% - Left side label: 41.3 crore out of Poverty in last 20 years - Right side label: 124 Mn still in Poverty - Base label: Multidimensional Poverty in India

Limitation of Consumption expenditure method

  1. Lack of Qualitative Analysis :- Only quantification of expenditure rather than actual ease of living.

  2. doesnot take into account socio-economic poverty and development :- Regional and caste based data is missing

  3. Human Resource Defeciency :- doesnot take into account , lack of education and Health opportunities. → Out of Pocket expenditure is still 47%

  4. Basic Amenities :- doesnot reflect nature and access of amenities like cooking fuel, water supply etc

  5. Lack of Holistic picture :- provides just income based poverty.

Alternative methods → ① Recommendation of Rangarajan committee for poverty estimation including and diversifying non food expenditure → ② National multi dimensional poverty Index (NITI Aayog) → ③ Ease of living standards :- Quantification of basic amenities

Close · a way forward

Thus, for achieving Vikshit Bharat, we need to update the methodological for poverty estimation with spirit of Sabka Sath Sabka Vikas