AIR 192 · CSE 2024 · GS3 · 54 pages

Apsara: GS3 answer copy

20 answers by Apsara, as written in the test. Each question opens a page with how other toppers answered it.

The questions

  1. Q1Despite numerous recent poverty eradication measures, why does the issue of poverty persist in India?10 marks
  2. Q2Investments in human capital contribute to sustained economic development. Illustrate.10 marks
  3. Q3What sets fiscal policy apart from monetary policy, and how do they influence the economy differently? Briefly elaborate on the tools that the RBI and the government employ to manage them.10 marks
  4. Q4Explain the concept of inclusive growth and its key indicators. How does it go beyond mere economic growth in measuring a nation's progress?10 marks
  5. Q5Public Sector Undertakings are said to be the most overfed part of the undernourished economy in India. Comment. Suggest how PSUs' functioning can be improved.10 marks
  6. Q6(a)A transition to clean energy is a huge economic opportunity for India. Elucidate.10 marks
  7. Q7Critically assess the implications of the 'Gig Economy' in the formal and informal sectors in India.10 marks
  8. Q8Explain the concept of a Sovereign Green Bond and its significance for India's economy.10 marks
  9. Q9Diversification away from US Dollar ('De-dollarization') is meant to insulate economies from geopolitical risks. Comment.10 marks
  10. Q10Explain the concept of Outcome budgeting and discuss how it can be implemented effectively in India.10 marks
  11. Q11How have India's industrial policies adapted to changing global and domestic economic landscapes since Independence? Demonstrate using examples.15 marks
  12. Q12Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme has led to a significant increase in production, employment generation, economic growth and exports in the country. Discuss15 marks
  13. Q13Food inflation in India has been rising due to various factors. Identifying those factors, delineate their impact on vulnerable populations. What makes controlling food inflation challenging in India? Discuss.15 marks
  14. Q14India's GDP is expected to reach $5 trillion by 2025 by leveraging on digitization, globalization, favourable demographics and structural reforms. Elucidate.15 marks
  15. Q15Identify the factors behind the high central and state fiscal deficit in India in recent times. Discuss its ramifications, and propose remedial measures.15 marks
  16. Q16The opportunities for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) in India are immense but so are the challenges. Discuss15 marks
  17. Q17Mention the key components of the National Logistics Policy 2022. How does the policy aim to address the existing challenges and bottlenecks in India's logistics sector?15 marks
  18. Q18Examine the opportunities and challenges that arise from the process of digitization of the Indian economy. How has the government's Digital India initiative contributed to it?15 marks
  19. Q19Discuss the potential multiplier effects of infrastructure investment on various sectors of the economy and its impact on overall growth and development. Mention government policies in this regard.15 marks
  20. Q20GST has contributed to the formalization of Indian economy and boosted economic growth significantly, despite implementation challenges. Discuss15 marks

The answers

Question 1 · 10 marks · 161 words written

Despite numerous recent poverty eradication measures, why does the issue of poverty persist in India?

Opening · a figure

India's poor ranking in Global Hunger Index 107 highlights the poor state of poverty eradication measures.

Measures in poverty eradication:

Body · points

  1. Rural Employment program - MNREGA
  2. National Rural Livelihood Mission
  3. 'Skill India' Mission
  4. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan
  5. PM Kaushal Vikas Yojana
  6. PM Vishwakarma Yojana

Despite these measures poverty still remains.

Reasons for persistence:

  1. Social marginalisation & social inequality restricts opportunities Eg: Cow vigilantism towards minorities.

  2. Economic inequality and huge divide between rich & poor Eg: Top 1% of population holds >40% of wealth (Oxfam)

(3) Poor educational outcomes & less oriented towards skill development - GER 26%.

(4) Prevalence of malnutrition especially among tribal people Eg: 57% women are anaemic (NFHS-5)

(5) Lack of infrastructural penetration in backward areas due to → Corruption → Nepotism

(6) Bureaucratic apathy resulting in poor governance & implementation issues.

Close · a way forward

Inclusion of vulnerable sections with community led participative governance like Kerala model, will help in rapid & effective poverty eradication.