AIR 48 · CSE 2025 · ANT1 · 84 pages

Aniket Ranjan: ANT1 answer copy

27 answers by Aniket Ranjan, as written in the test.

The questions

  1. Q1(a)Comment on the following in about 150 words each: (a) Chronological vs Biological Ageing Q.5) Answer the following in about 150 words each: (a) Anthropological inputs in facial reconstruction10 marks
  2. Q1(b)Eugenics, Euthenics and Euphenics10 marks
  3. Q1(c)Demographic Transition Theory10 marks
  4. Q1(d)Sheldon’s Method of Somatotyping10 marks
  5. Q1(e)Fertility and Fecundity10 marks
  6. Q2(a)Discuss physiological and social theories of ageing.20 marks
  7. Q2(b)Menarche and menopause are not only biological events but also cultural constructs. Examine.15 marks
  8. Q2(c)Discuss the role of forensic anthropology in criminal investigation and disaster victim identification.15 marks
  9. Q3(a)Secular trend in human growth can be positive, negative or neutral. Illustrate with examples.20 marks
  10. Q3(b)While genomic research offers immense promise for personalized healthcare, it also raises significant ethical concerns. Critically examine the ethical implications of using genomic data for promoting human welfare."15 marks
  11. Q3(c)Examine the various methodologies employed in the study of human growth, analysing their strengths and limitations in advancing our understanding of the complex process of human growth and development.15 marks
  12. Q4(a)Euthenics emphasizes the role of environmental factors in shaping human health and well-being. Analyse the potential benefits and limitations of this approach compared to eugenics.20 marks
  13. Q4(b)Briefly describe Biological and cultural theories of Demography.15 marks
  14. Q4(c)How did agriculture affect human biological change? What are the most important forces shaping human biology today?15 marks
  15. Q5(b)Use of Osteology in Physical Anthropology
  16. Q5(c)CRISPR Cas9 technology and its uses
  17. Q5(d)Childhood and infant stage of human growth
  18. Q5(e)Senescence and its features
  19. Q6(a)How does menarche and menopause timing reflect a population's health, environmental health and resources.20 marks
  20. Q6(b)How does the Heath-Carter method improve upon Sheldon's original somatotype theory?15 marks
  21. Q6(c)The recent Covid-19 pandemic, has made the forgotten 'Malthusian fear and survival of the fittest' a reality. Analyse the statement.15 marks
  22. Q7(a)How can anthropology be applied in defence and sports science to enhance human performance and ergonomics?20 marks
  23. Q7(b)What do you understand by the term Action Anthropology? How is it different from Applied Anthropology.15 marks
  24. Q7(c)What are the methods of personal identification? Critically examine how personal identification helps in criminal investigations?15 marks
  25. Q8(a)What is nutritional anthropology and how is it relevant today?20 marks
  26. Q8(b)Examine the biological and cultural factors influencing fertility and fecundity in human populations. Are the factors affecting both same.15 marks
  27. Q8(c)Discuss the genetic and bio-chemical factors of growth and development.15 marks

The answers

Question 1(a) · 10 marks · 348 words written

Comment on the following in about 150 words each: (a) Chronological vs Biological Ageing Q.5) Answer the following in about 150 words each: (a) Anthropological inputs in facial reconstruction

Opening · no separate opening

None written.

Body · points

(a) Chronological vs Biological Ageing

Chronological Ageing is the age wherein the person has lived the time and it is universal across the time and space.

Features of Chronological Ageing

  1. It is incremental in nature.
  2. It cannot be reversed.
  3. It is permanent.
  4. It is the physical growth.
  5. It doesn't have differential growth pattern.
  6. It takes into factor of mainly genes, physiology not behaviour and environment.

eg) The Birthday denotes our chronological age Puberty Rituals denotes it.

Biological ageing It is the ageing in which the person is physically and behaviourally growing.

Characteristics are:-

  1. It is both positive and negative.
  2. It factors → genes, environment and the behaviour.
  3. Not always incremental.
  4. It is depending upon the cell functional efficiency.
  5. It also depends upon the kind of nutrition one is having.

Eg) SIRT genes enhances our DNA repair mechanism. → KLO THO gene → for salt absorption. → TSP27 → for tumor suppressor. Thus, the both the ageing has the significance in our growth.

(a) Anthropological inputs in facial reconstruction

Facial reconstruction is the process of rebuilding of the fractured, burnt or butchered face using the science of biology, anthropology and the artistry.

Anthropological inputs are:-

  1. Helps in analysing the Sex, Age, Cultural features of the face. Eg → women of Korwa tribe used to fit bangles in her lips → Can be reconstructed by the anthropologist.
  2. It takes into the analysis of the evolution of the facial features → like prognathism, masticatory process, saggital crest.
  3. It will also try to check for teeth, jaws → Canines or molar teeth. ↳ can answer the diet is vegetarian or the meat eating.
  4. use of 3D and 2D model in the artistry for criminal investigation and identification in the natural calamities.
  5. The AI tools are also utilised to create the faces for early investigation → Cross filtered with the anthropological ethnography of the area.

Close · a summary

Eg) It was used in Russian Calamity analysis. Hence the facial reconstruction has various usefulness in the anthropological life.