AIR 48 · CSE 2025 · ANT1 · 84 pages

Aniket Ranjan: ANT1 answer copy

29 answers by Aniket Ranjan, as written in the test.

The questions

  1. Q1Comment on the following in about 150 words each: 10x5=10 marks
  2. Q1(b)Ecological Anthropology and Ecosystem approach
  3. Q1(c)Phenomenology in Anthropological research
  4. Q1(d)Etic vs Emic approach of study
  5. Q1(e)Allosomal Aberrations in Humans
  6. Q2(a)Fieldwork has been central to anthropology, but it is not a static tradition. Critically examine the evolution of fieldwork traditions with respect to changing ethical, technological, and socio-political contexts.20 marks
  7. Q2(b)"Objectivity in anthropological fieldwork is both essential and elusive." Critically discuss with examples.15 marks
  8. Q2(c)Discuss the epidemiology of infectious diseases in humans.15 marks
  9. Q3Natural selection further works to select the male or female out of third gender also. Explaining the process with example
  10. Q3(a)“Biocultural adaptation is the cornerstone of human evolutionary success.” Discuss.20 marks
  11. Q3(b)Briefly explain the anthropological significance of twin studies in disentangling genetic and environmental factors.15 marks
  12. Q3(c)Examine the role of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in understanding the genetic structure of human populations. Also discuss the assumptions and limitations of the model.15 marks
  13. Q4(a)Briefly explain the pedigree analysis method and its utility in studying single-gene disorders.20 marks
  14. Q4(b)Explain the significance of Screening and Counselling for prevention of Genetic Disorders.15 marks
  15. Q4(c)Discuss the importance of immunological and biochemical methods in the detection of genetic disorders.15 marks
  16. Q5(a)Sampling Method in Anthropological research10 marks
  17. Q5(b)Mutations and its role in human evolution10 marks
  18. Q5(c)Oral history and its relevance10 marks
  19. Q5(d)Distinguish between method, technique, and methodology10 marks
  20. Q5(e)Genetic Markers and significance of blood group as genetic markers10 marks
  21. Q6(a)“The idea of race is both scientifically obsolete and politically dangerous.” Examine this statement using evidence from genetic studies, anthropological debates, and historical misuse racial classification.20 marks
  22. Q6(b)What is meant by epidemiological transition? Elaborate upon its causes and consequences.15 marks
  23. Q6(c)How does 'Natural Selection' operate to bring about changes in gene frequencies? Illustrate with a human example.15 marks
  24. Q7(a)“Mendel’s work laid the foundation of genetics, but human inheritance goes far beyond simple dominant and recessive traits.” Discuss.20 marks
  25. Q7(b)How has interpretation and presentation of data changed from classic to contemporary writings in anthropological texts.15 marks
  26. Q7(c)Discuss how ecological stresses influence both genetic and non-genetic human adaptations. Illustrate with examples from hot deserts and cold climates.15 marks
  27. Q8(a)Briefly describe various methods used in genetic study of man.20 marks
  28. Q8(b)Everything has turned out to be at least somewhat heritable (passed down), yet nothing has turned out to be absolutely heritable. Explain the statement in context of nature-nurture debate in Anthropology.15 marks
  29. Q8(c)What role does cultural beliefs, practices, and norms play in shaping health behaviours and disease prevention strategies? Also explain Epidemiology of Heart related deaths in India.15 marks

The answers

Question 1 · 10 marks · 168 words written

Comment on the following in about 150 words each: 10x5=

Opening · a definition

Questionnaires are the quantitative data analysis tool, wherein the researcher is asking the questions in his/her absence.

It is of two types :-

Body · points and prose

→ Open Ended : Participant is free to write whatever he/she feels like.

→ Closed ended :→ Specific questions and their answers have to be written.

e.g → feedback form.

Examples of Questionnaire

① The matters asked on any survey done by Company, NGO or any Civil society.

(2) Central statistical institute ask for the answers from public. (3) My Gov. in → Public Opinion → open ended like recently, Hon'ble PM Modi asked theme for Independence day.

Schedules

These are data collected in the presence of the researcher.

Example → Mead data on the Samoan girls → Malinowski data on the Trobrianders.

Merits → it focus on the Cross cultural comparison. → try to give measurable data as it is quantitative.

Demerits → lacks subjectivity. → Manipulation either by Researcher or the participant.

Close · a way forward

Therefore, triangulation of data is need both of qualitative & quantitative.