AIR 320 · CSE 2024 · ANT2 · 53 pages

Amit Meena: ANT2 answer copy

19 answers by Amit Meena, as written in the test.

The questions

  1. Q1(a)Reference Group and Social Mobility10 marks
  2. Q1(b)Debate on phylogenetic status of Ramapithecus10 marks
  3. Q1(c)Culture Ecology and NMS10 marks
  4. Q1(d)Gender and customary law10 marks
  5. Q1(e)People's participation and tribal development10 marks
  6. Q2(a)Critically assess the role of Panchayati Raj Institutions as a facilitator of social inclusion in rural society.20 marks
  7. Q2(b)Explain the impact of development induced displacement among the tribal people in India with suitable examples.15 marks
  8. Q2(c)To what extent could the Mesolithic culture be attributed to a phase of transition between Palaeolithic and Neolithic cultures? Illustrate the answer with appropriate examples.15 marks
  9. Q4(a)Supreme court of India in its recent judgement noted that, "Scheduled castes not a homogeneous class, sub-classification one of the means to achieve substantive equality." Discuss the possible implications of sub-classification of Scheduled Castes.20 marks
  10. Q4(b)Critically examine the contributions of Makhan Jha and BN Saraswati to the study of sacred complexes in India.15 marks
  11. Q4(c)How is the process of tribe-caste continuum different from Sanskritization? Comment.15 marks
  12. Q5(a)Write notes on the following in about 150 words each: Vertical and Horizontal Caste solidarity10 marks
  13. Q5(b)Social and economic marginalisation of tribal people10 marks
  14. Q5(c)Settlement patterns in rural India10 marks
  15. Q5(d)Q.5 (d) Retribalisation10 marks
  16. Q5(e)Q.5 (e) Sino-Tibetan languages10 marks
  17. Q7(a)Identify the main types of problems that arise out of contacts between tribal people and more advanced sections of Indian population. What measures do you suggest to mitigate the same?20 marks
  18. Q7(b)Using suitable examples, bring out the historical processes of social exclusion of Denotified tribes.15 marks
  19. Q7(c)Discuss the criticism levelled against Anthropology in the context of 'isolation and assimilation debate' on tribal populations.15 marks

The answers

Question 1(a) · 10 marks · 185 words written

Reference Group and Social Mobility

Opening · a definition

The concept of reference group was originally given by Hayman. It was then developed by RK Merton.

Body · points and prose

→ At times, some or all members of a group may conform to norms of a different group than they belong. The group with which they want to be identified with becomes their reference group. → Sorokin defines social mobility as "transition of individual or social object or value created by human activity from one social position to another." Reference group and social mobility

Close · a summary

↳ Social mobility is based on the reference group being emulated and then being accepted as part of it.

Reference groupSocial mobility
1. Dominant caste / Upper casteSanskritisation (MN Srinivas)
2. Westernised societyWesternisation
3. Lower casteDesanskritisation (DN Majumdar)
4. TribesTribalisation / Pseudotribalism (SL Kali - Jamsar)
5. KshatriyaKshatriyaisation (DF Pocock)
6. RajputsRajputisation (Surjit Sinha)

Hence, the concept of reference group has been instrumental in examining social change and mobility in India.