AIR 320 · CSE 2024 · ANT2 · 53 pages

Amit Meena: ANT2 answer copy

20 answers by Amit Meena, as written in the test.

The questions

  1. Q1(a)Human Migration and the Spread of Austroasiatic Languages10 marks
  2. Q1(b)Debate on phylogenetic status of Narmada man10 marks
  3. Q1(c)Traditional culture as concept10 marks
  4. Q1(d)Concepts of universalisation and localisation10 marks
  5. Q1(e)Bonded labour and its impact on Indian Tribes10 marks
  6. Q2(a)Discuss the role of the Tribal Advisory Council (TAC) in safeguarding the rights and welfare of Scheduled Tribes in India. Also discuss various challenges faced by them, and what reforms could enhance their effectiveness?20 marks
  7. Q2(b)The health status of tribal communities in India is significantly poorer compared to the general population. Discuss various factors that contribute to this disparity.15 marks
  8. Q2(c)To what extent can Mesolithic be viewed as a bridge between Palaeolithic and Neolithic cultures? Illustrate the answer with appropriate examples.15 marks
  9. Q4(a)Critically analyse the racial elements in Indian population as opined by B.S Guha.20 marks
  10. Q4(b)"The concept of Sanskritisation as well as Tribe-caste concept explains the changes within Indian civilisation, but both differs from one another in a significant way". Elaborate.15 marks
  11. Q4(c)Critically analyse the working of constitutional safeguards for the minority communities in India.15 marks
  12. Q5(a)Syncretism of Religious Practices among Indian Tribes10 marks
  13. Q5(b)Hierarchy is the core of caste system10 marks
  14. Q5(c)Langhnaj10 marks
  15. Q5(d)Ethnography of Ho tribe10 marks
  16. Q5(e)Pseudo-tribalism10 marks
  17. Q7(a)Analyse the concept of the 'Sacred Complex' in Indian anthropology. How does it help in understanding the interaction between religion, culture, and society in India?20 marks
  18. Q7(b)Indian Paleolithic culture can neither be conceived chronologically homogenous nor as a uniform cultural phase. Discuss.15 marks
  19. Q7(c)What are the problems in application of the concept of indigenous people on Indian Tribes? Discuss.15 marks
  20. QObservations:

The answers

Question 1(a) · 10 marks · 148 words written

Human Migration and the Spread of Austroasiatic Languages

Opening · a date or context

G A Grierson in the Linguistic Survey of India (1927) divided the Indian languages into 4 families -> one of them being Austroasiatic.

Body · points and prose

Austroasiatic (Nishada) -> around 1.3% of population

Diagram
* Map of India with dots indicating Austroasiatic regions * Label: Austroasiatic * Caption: fig. spread
MundaMon Khmer
North:Khasi, Nicobari
  • Korku |
  • Santhali |
  • Mundari | South: |
  • Kharia |
  • Bondo |

The Munda branch consists of 14 tribal languages like Ho, Santhali etc. -> Santhali most spoken with 7.3 million speakers.

Human migration & spread

(1) Two primary hypothesis

Diagram
- origin in Southeast Asia and later migrate to South Asia - pure Neolithic origin in South Asia and later to SEA

(2) Gyaneshwer Chaubey et al (2010) based on studies, concludes that Austroasiatic originated in Southeast Asia.

(3) Riccio is also supporting this view.

(4) Chaubey also mentions that the speakers migrated from SEA to South Asia during Neolithic period.

(5) This language family has spread across India, Nepal, Bhutan and South China.

Close · a summary

Thus the Austroasiatic language has been tied to human migration.