A topper · GS3 · 52 pages

Aditya Narayan H: GS3 answer copy

15 answers by Aditya Narayan H, as written in the test. Each question opens a page with how other toppers answered it.

The questions

  1. Q1Why has there been a decline in Out-of-Pocket Expenditure on healthcare in India? Discuss the implications of increased public healthcare spending. (Answer in 150 words) India’s growth has been strong in recent decades, but its structural transformation remains incomplete. Elaborate. State the measures taken by the government in this regard.10 marks
  2. Q2Why is a new manufacturing policy essential for India to achieve sustained economic growth and emerge as a global manufacturing hub?10 marks
  3. Q3What are the reasons behind the consistent fiscal deficit in India? Do you think there are advantages in operating with a fiscal deficit for developing countries like India? (Answer in 150 words) What is the current state of finances in the Indian states? What long-term measures can be taken to strengthen the financial health of states?10 marks
  4. Q5भारत में आपदा प्रबंधन फ्रेमवर्क की प्रभावकारिता में सुधार के लिए आपदा प्रबंधन अधिनियम, 2005 पर पुनर्विचार करने की आवश्यकता है। विवेचना कीजिए। (उत्तर 250 शब्दों में दीजिए) रणनीतिक पर्यावरणीय आकलन क्या है? यह पर्यावरणीय प्रभाव आकलन से किस प्रकार भिन्न है? (उत्तर 150 शब्दों में दीजिए)10 marks
  5. Q5(none)What is Gene therapy? Discuss its advantages and highlight the key concerns related to its use. (Answer in 150 words) What are the key pillars of India's AI Mission? What are the barriers to achieving responsible AI in India? (Answer in 150 words) Analyse the provisions related to organised crime and terrorism in the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023.10 marks
  6. Q10What is the impact of emerging technologies on money laundering? What measures are necessary to address the issues arising out of it?10 marks
  7. Q12Examine the pattern and trend of agricultural exports of India. In this context, explain how India can improve its global competitiveness in agricultural exports.15 marks
  8. Q13Examine the role of natural farming in promoting sustainable agriculture. Discuss the major challenges hindering its widespread adoption in India.15 marks
  9. Q14How does the food processing industry aid economic growth in India? Briefly discuss four skill development initiatives in the Indian food processing industry.15 marks
  10. Q15What are the major factors impeding private participation in infrastructure development in India? What steps have been taken by the government to attract private investment.15 marks
  11. Q16Considering India's vulnerability to various disasters, discuss the need for disaster resilient infrastructure. Explain the role of the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI) in this context.15 marks
  12. Q17Comment on the resource potential of the Sundarbans in India. How can nature-based solutions enhance its resilience against environmental challenges?15 marks
  13. Q18Green hydrogen is a promising pathway towards a sustainable energy future but its widespread adoption in India encounters substantial obstacles. Discuss.15 marks
  14. Q19Examine the conflicting issues and security challenges along India's North-East border.15 marks
  15. Q20The Indian Coast Guard's multifaceted role is vital for maintaining the security and integrity of India's maritime domain. Discuss.15 marks

The answers

Question 1 · 10 marks · 411 words written

Why has there been a decline in Out-of-Pocket Expenditure on healthcare in India? Discuss the implications of increased public healthcare spending. (Answer in 150 words) India’s growth has been strong in recent decades, but its structural transformation remains incomplete. Elaborate. State the measures taken by the government in this regard.

Opening · a definition

The out of pocket expenditure refers to the amount of money spend by individuals out of their own finances for health care. It has decreased from 60% in 2014-15 to 39% in 2022-23.

Body · points and prose

Reasons for decline of out of pocket expenditure

  1. Increased government spending on health care - Gross health expenditure increased from 1.18 to 1.86% of GDP.
  2. Increased insurance penetration among people. Eg: PM Jan Arogya Yojana - now extended to older citizens.
  3. Increasing availability and access to public health care due to improvement in facilities. Eg: Increase in number of AIIMS hospitals from 1 in Delhi to more than 15 now.
  4. Increased performance in health indicators like wasting, stunting and MMR/IMR improving overall health. Eg:- Outcomes published by NFHS-5.
Diagram
- Implications of increased public healthcare spending: - Decentralised healthcare setup - Reduction of costs to public - Proper diagnostics & disease prevention - Increase in access to healthcare - Improved healthcare outcomes → Maternal & infant mortality - Improved facilities ↓ 1 doctor for 835 patients in India higher than WHO stds

Hence increased public healthcare spending along with private participation will help create a 'Swasthya Bharat'.

India is expected to grow at a rate of 6.4% in FY25, highest among all the major economies of the globe as put by the IMF. However, India faces structural issues in its growth trajectory:-

(1) Shift from primary to services in terms of growth. Eg: Economy shifted from 50% GVA from primary sector (1950-51) to 47% GVA from tertiary sector (2024-25) (2) Jobless growth: Focusing more on capital intensive growth than labor intensive. Eg: India has missed target of job growth of National Manufacturing Policy 2011. (3) Disguised unemployment in agriculture causing poor statistics and improper policy targeting. (4) Issues with business environment hampers growth of manufacturing sector. Eg: Lack of 24x7 electricity in towns and cities even in tier-2 cities. (5) Skilling Issue: Only 4.7% of total workers in India have formal certification. (6) Job displacement from manufacturing to services or back to agriculture due to newer tech - automation & AI.

Measures taken by the govt in this regard

(1) Production linked incentive scheme incentivising additional production, attracting investments in manufacturing. (2) PM Kaushal Vikas Yojana under Skill India - improving skills & re-skilling workers. (3) Atmanirbhar Bharat package focusing on reducing import dependence on goods like solar panels etc. (4) PM Employment Generation Programme improving employment especially those displaced during pandemic. (5) PM Formalisation of Food Processing Industries: Attracting people from agriculture to food processing. (6) CGTMSE & Champions portal for MSME - improving their financial health & technology adoption. (7) Foreign Trade Policy, 2023 to improve exports upto $2 trillion by 2027.

Close · a way forward

Hence structural transformation needs to be achieved to reach Viksit Bharat by 2047.