AIR 93 · CSE 2025 · GS1 · 23 pages

Aakriti: GS1 answer copy

9 answers by Aakriti, as written in the test. Each question opens a page with how other toppers answered it.

The questions

  1. Q1Explain the concept of mantle plumes and evaluate their role in the formation of volcanic provinces and continental breakup.10 marks
  2. Q2What is the phenomenon of 'cloudburst'? Examine its causes and discuss the implications for mountainous regions in India.10 marks
  3. Q3India has immense potential for solar energy despite regional variations. Analyse the factors responsible for this spatial variation and suggest measures to optimise solar-energy utilisation.10 marks
  4. Q4The socio-religious reform movements of the 19th century played a pivotal role in shaping modern Indian social consciousness. Trace their rise and assess their legacy in contemporary India.10 marks
  5. Q5What were the structural and tactical reasons for the ascendancy of the British East India Company armies over the native Indian states in the mid-19th century? Examine critically.10 marks
  6. Q6Discuss the political and administrative reorganisation of states and territories in India since independence. How far has it fulfilled the objectives of regional equity and effective governance?15 marks
  7. Q7What are the major controlling forces of global ocean currents? Illustrate how ocean currents influence marine fisheries and coastal climate.15 marks
  8. Q8The groundwater potential of the Gangetic Valley is on a serious decline. Analyse how this decline may affect India's food security15 marks
  9. Q9Analyse the causes and consequences of the famines in colonial India since the mid-eighteenth century.15 marks

The answers

Question 1 · 10 marks · 109 words written

Explain the concept of mantle plumes and evaluate their role in the formation of volcanic provinces and continental breakup.

Opening · a definition

Mantle plumes are mushroom like landforms created due to rise of exceptionally hot magma rising from mantle core boundary. eg. Reunion, yellowstone.

Role in formation of volcanic provinces & continental breakup

Body · points and prose

Mantle plumes are mushroom like landforms created due to rise of exceptionally hot magma rising from mantle core boundary.

Diagram
* drawing showing a dome shaped structure on the Earth's surface labelled 'very hot'
Diagram
* central box labelled 'characteristics of mantle plume/hotspot' with four arrows pointing to: * (1) very hot * (2) Causes the crust to rise * (3) Mushroom like shape * (4) Intraplate (usually)

eg. Reunion, yellowstone.

Role in formation of volcanic provinces & continental breakup

Diagram
* drawing with three stages showing: * Plume rise (dome-shaped crust above rising arrows) * Ballooning & cracking (dome rising further with cracks) * Rifting (crust splitting apart with magma rising through the fissure) * labelled below: fig: 2. process of breakingup & volcanic provinces.

(1.) Hot magma rises ↓ (2.) causes the crust to rise like mushroom (mantle plume). ↓ (3.) thinning & expanding of the crust ↓ (4.) cracks can develop ↓ (5.) Breakup of the continental crust ↓ (6.) Rift valley develops + magma spreads. (volcanic province) eg. great east African (7.) If water fills Rift valley. in → Nascent sea eg Red sea.

Diagram
* Other landforms * (1) Basaltic provinces eg Hawaii * (2) steps eg deccan traps

given the epirogenic impact of the phenomena, further research must be conducted to better understand it.

Close · a way forward

in → Nascent sea eg Red sea. given the epirogenic impact of the phenomena, further research must be conducted to better understand it.