Aayushi BansalAIR 7 · CSE 2024 · 312 wordsTheir whole copy
Opening
Davis & Moore presented a functional analysis of social stratification.
As per them, few positions in society are functionally more important. Differentiated capabilities require these positions be filled by most capable. Further, there is considerable investment of time & energy by talented. These factors require differential rewards for different positions.
However, this theory came under heavy criticism. Melvin Tumin critiqued:
Body · points
•) There is no way to determine which positions are functionally more important, eg a janitor is no less important than a doctor. •) Rewards are not the only motivation to attract the most talented. •) There is no considerable investment of time & resources & if there is, it is done by all. •) From a conflict perspective, Tumin remarked that stratification acts as barriers for those at bottom depriving society of talent. •) It breeds mistrust, chaos, conflict. •) It is perpetuated by ruling class, where inequality is deemed not only natural but also desirable.
Further, criticism was →
•) From Marxist perspective, stratification is not beneficial for all. Rather, it manifests domination of few over others.
•) Jonathan Turner accuses functionalism of tautologies & illegitimate teleologies where cause is taken for effect & vice versa.
•) This theory fails to explain rigid caste system in India which is not based on talent.
•) Mobility studies of David Glass, Duncan & Blau showed elite self recruitment. Usurpation of top positions can't be explained using Davis & Moore's theory.
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Present content
Even today, multidimensional stratification based on gender, race etc can't be explained when natural differences are converted to inequalities by society. Eg → gender pay gap despite same work being performed.
Despite criticisms, Davis & Moore explained a societal perspective to stratification. Rewards attached still motivate hardworking people to aspire for mobility in class based system. Eg → high payment for managers, social status for Govt jobs & so on.