Where the roots of private virtue are diseased, the fruit of public probity cannot but be corrupt. What do you understand by probity? Discuss ways of inculcating probity in public life.

(i) focus on greed, unchecked ambition → breeds corruption : arbitrary exercise of power.

(ii) increase materialism, consumerism → dissatisfaction; illegal avenues for earning.

(iii) Selfishness :- Private benefit over public benefit

eg Rewarding of contract on personal contacts & not objectivity.

(iv) Reduce integrity and courage → bow down to political pressure or bureaucratic-business nexus (Vohra comm).

(v) Laxity / laziness → "chalta hai" attitude; no citizen centricity. Overall reducing credibility of government.

Ways to inculcate As was recommended by 2nd ARC:-

(i) Training → mid career level refreshment ↳ Inculcation should ensure role play, visits etc. → to increase sensitisation.

(ii) 360° feedback → from seniors, subordinates, citizens.

(iii) Regulations → formulation of code of ethics ↳ for Public service delivery bill.

(iv) Reward - probity; punish corrupt via effective use of POCA, CVC, CBI.