GS3 · 10 marks · 150 words

In light of recent Budget 2025 allocations and the push for green infrastructure, analyze how Viability Gap Funding can be leveraged to promote renewable energy projects.

Answered by 3 toppers · CSE 2024–2025

Syllabus: Investment models.

How toppers approached it

From all 3 answers · about 130 words.

Opening

  • A date or context3 of 3

Body

  • Points3 of 3

Close

  • A way forward3 of 3

The toppers’ answers

Sandeep BadadAIR 82 · CSE 2025 · 134 wordsTheir whole copy

Opening · a date or context

The Budget 2025 pushed for green infrastructure through tariff reforms, incentives and Viability gap funding.

Body · points

VGF refers to monetary gap in form of assistance needed to make an enterprise economically viable.

Renewable energy projects have constraints that make their viability challenging:

  1. Large investment cost eg wind turbine & nucleus modules.
  2. Long gestation in case of hydroprojects.
  3. Uncertainty of financing and recovery of operational cost & capital.

④ Geopolitical uncertainties like – Critical minerals dependency ⑤ Climate change vagaries → destroy infra-structure

VGF role in promoting renewable projects

① Gives cushion to take risk ② Promotes innovation and upgradation ③ Incentivises scaling of the project Eg Pavagada solar park ④ Promotes research and development

Close · a framework

& final effluent solution

Renewable energy is crucial for Vision 2047 and fulfill commitment under SDG and Panchamrit

More on Investment Models

How a project is financed and who bears the risk: PPP, hybrid annuity, viability gap funding, asset monetisation, InvITs.

All GS3 questions on Investment Models