The author starts by saying emissions must be cut, and everything after supports that: how energy use would have to change, why the cost is small, and the extra benefits. Reliance on fossil fuels, research spending and lifestyle change are the background problem or the means. In a message question, pick the claim the rest of the passage serves.
Why each option is right or wrong
(a) Fossil fuel dependence is the problem described, not the message.
(b) Right. Everything else supports the need to mitigate emissions.
(c) Research and development is one route to mitigation, not the main point.
(d) Lifestyle change is one requirement of mitigation, not the main message.
Answer: UPSC’s key. Explanation: written by UPSC Grade, not by UPSC.
