UPSC Prelims 1998 · General Studies

Question 30: History and Culture

Assertion (A): Partition of Bengal in 1905 brought to an end the Moderates’ role in the Indian freedom movement. Reason (R): The Surat session of Indian National Congress separated the Extremists from the Moderates.

aBoth A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A

bBoth A and R are true, but R is NOT a correct explanation of A

cA is true, but R is false

dA is false, but R is true

AnswerThe answer is (d).

A is false. The partition of Bengal in 1905 did not end the Moderates' role; they kept control of the Congress and went on to work for reforms, which led to the Morley-Minto reforms of 1909. The partition did sharpen the divide with the Extremists. R is true: at the Surat session of December 1907 the Congress split, with the Extremists led by Tilak leaving and the Moderates keeping the party.

A. The Moderates continued to lead the Congress and won the 1909 reforms.
R. Surat in 1907 split the Extremists from the Moderates.

How you could have got this

If you were sure statement 1 is not correct, only (d) is left: every other option says it is correct.

This follows an unofficial answer: UPSC has not published its key for this year, and if that answer is wrong, so is this path.

Which options go is worked out from UPSC’s key and the options, not by a model.

Why each option is right or wrong

(a) A is false, so this fails.
(b) A is false, so this fails.
(c) R is true, so this fails.
(d) Right: A is false because the Moderates continued; R is true, since Surat split the Congress.

Explanation: written by UPSC Grade, not by UPSC.

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Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination 1998, General Studies. UPSC's own paper isn't online; the words are from a published compilation. The paper on upsc.gov.in.