UPSC Prelims 1998 · General Studies

Question 116: Science and Technology

Which one of the following types of micro-organisms is most widely used in industries?

aBacteria

bBacteria and fungi

cBacteria and algae

dBacteria, micro-algae and fungi

AnswerThe answer is (d).

Industry uses three groups of micro-organisms: bacteria (curd, cheese, vinegar, some antibiotics), fungi including yeasts and moulds (bread, alcohol, penicillin, citric acid), and micro-algae such as Spirulina and Chlorella (single-cell protein). The broadest option, which names all three groups, is therefore correct.

Why each option is right or wrong

(a) Bacteria are only one of the groups used.
(b) Leaves out the micro-algae, which are also used.
(c) Leaves out fungi, which are widely used.
(d) Right: bacteria, micro-algae and fungi are all used in industry.

Explanation: written by UPSC Grade, not by UPSC.

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Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination 1998, General Studies. UPSC's own paper isn't online; the words are from a published compilation. The paper on upsc.gov.in.