Naxalism is a social, economic and developmental issue manifesting as a violent internal security threat. In this context, discuss the emerging issues and suggest a multilayered strategy to tackle the menace of Naxalism.

Causes for Naxalism

1 Social

1. Alienation and marginalisation of tribal areas of central & Eastern India.
2. Denial of adequate forest rights and land rights under FRA, 2006.
3. Unemployment, illiteracy, disillusionment amongst the youth.
4. Lack of societal development → disconnected from mainstream.

2 Economic

① Low levels of per capita income → extremely high poverty in areas of red corridor → aggression against the state. ② Resource wise and economic drainage of resources, followed by economic and environmental desertification. Eg: compels the people to adopt LWE.

③ Development Deficit ① Lack of infrastructure like schools, hospitals, manufacturing etc. due to violence by LWE groups. ② Regional disequilibrium and developmental disparities → isolation and feelings of animosity against state.

Internal security Threat from Naxalism

1. De-stabilisation of constitutional democracy and government.
2. Threat to infrastructure, lives of people etc. due to violence.
3. Radicalisation of tribal youth.
4. Exacerbation of disconnectedness from mainstream.

Multi-layer strategy for development

1. Use of technology → drones, remote sensing, GIS etc. to counter guerilla warfare. Eg: SAMADHAN.
2. Bridging development gap through construction of infrastructure, employment etc.
3. Dialogue between naxal groups and government to negotiate peace. Eg: Bru-Reang Accord.
4. Penetration of sports to counter the forces of naxalism.
5. Protecting the forest rights and land rehabilitation of tribals affected by naxalism.