UPSC Mains 2022 · GS II · Q20 · 15 marks · 250 words

‘Clean energy is the order of the day.’ Describe briefly India’s changing policy towards climate change in various international fora in the context of geopolitics.

हिन्दी में

‘स्वच्छ ऊर्जा आज की ज़रूरत है ।’ भू-राजनीति के सन्दर्भ में, विभिन्न अन्तर्राष्ट्रीय मंचों में जलवायु परिवर्तन की दिशा में भारत की बदलती नीति का संक्षिप्त वर्णन कीजिए ।

How a topper answered the closest question

Toppers wrote this one in a test series: “In the context of India taking greater responsibility in management of the global commons, there has been a shift in India's climate change negotiation stance. In this context, analyze the evolution of India's climate policy.”

Kanishak KatariaAIR 1 · CSE 2018 · 173 wordsTheir whole copy

Opening

India considers itself as an important member of the climate change negotiations & is willing to provide leadership to the countries & lead a path to a cleaner & sustainable future.

Body · points

HISTORICAL - more focus on self consumption

  • Increase in Thermal power generation (65% at present)
  • Hydel Power plants for electricity generation by construction of dams
  • Pushed for increased compliance by the Developed world in the Kyoto Protocol
  • Forests were subordinated to agriculture in earlier polices

CHANGES

  • Common But Differentiated Responsibilities India is willing to undertake cuts although voluntarily (Kyoto-Protocol-II 2013-2020)
  • Increased focus on Renewable Energy 40% by 2030 (175 GW extra by 2022)
  • International Solar Alliance to help the Tropical countries - mainly Africa & Pacific Island countries - setup Solar technology.
  • Willing to undertake Voluntary National Review of Intentionally National Determined cuts (INDC) thus setting an example for others.

Close · a summary

Thus India has shifted from an inward looking to a more wholistic world view by willing to help others meet their targets as well.

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Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Main) Examination 2022, General Studies Paper II, Q20. The paper on upsc.gov.in. Themes and links to toppers’ answers are by UPSC Grade, not by UPSC.