Analyze internal security threats and transborder crimes along Myanmar, Bangladesh and Pakistan borders including Line of Control (LoC). Also discuss the role played by various security forces in this regard.

Challenges faced by these forces:

1. Porous borders => There are no border wires in borders with Bangladesh, Nepal due to Inter-government agreements.

2. Soft gaps => Forests, rivers cut across borders of India where security forces cannot be deployed, thus security gaps remained.

3. Border disputes => with Pakistan, Nepal, China primarily => No settled borders.

4. Multiple forces involved => Mixture of forces deployed and not just one - BSF or army. There are operational control and administrative control issues.

5. Lack of infrastructure => borders lack infrastructure / modern techniques for surveillance. Roads are not built adequately.

6. No clear responsibility - Jurisdiction of Coast Guards and Navy often overlap.

7. Coastal boundaries are not clearly demarcated => Maritime boundaries cannot be drawn therefore many areas remain unregulated.

Way forward

Naresh Chandra committee and Shekatkar committee's recommendations must be adopted:

1. Clear responsibility to each force => ONE BORDER ONE FORCE.
2. Equip them with state of the art technology.
3. Political will to negotiate and resolve border issues.
4. Infrastructure = roads, tunnels etc. for faster mobility of forces.