Two different kinds of attitudes exhibited by public servants towards their work have been identified as the bureaucratic attitude and the democratic attitude. (a) Distinguish between these two terms and write their merits and demerits. (b) Is it possible to balance the two to create a better administration for the faster development of our country?

1. Bureaucratic attitude vs democratic attitude → rigidity of rules & procedures → excessive rules compliance → denying service to genuine people due to lack of documents [Jharkhand PDS case study] ↳ utilisatn of discretion to fill legal gaps. → Eg. Armstrong Pame build road for remote areas by raising funds

2. Negative vs positive public service attitude → resistant to change, passimistic view of degenerative society. → reform orientation and belief in inherent goodness of society.

In order to overcome such attitude -

(1) development of values like empathy, compassion, justice.

(2) Case studies of reforms in public service → eg. T.N. Sheshan, E. Shreedharan (Metroman).

(3) Training & regular assessment.

(4) Improving overall administrative work culture → eg. Nordic nations' strong public institutions.

"Attitude is a small thing that makes a huge difference." Winston Churchill

So, we need to overcome attitude biases to make civil services more effective & efficient.

3B) Gandhi's message in above quote is related to the underlying unity and oneness of all religions.

It refers to not being na-religious but means to follow one's religion while respecting others as all are part of a larger whole.

Philosopher's argument on being religion harmful is because-

→ 1) Communal hatred and lynching leads to social unrest → 2) divisional social norms based on religion impact electorate and makes democracy ineffective. → 3) leads to conflict and wars eq. Israel-Hamas war based on religious & political differences.

But, there is alternative perspective related to efficacy of religion-

1. Religion is important as binding fabric - Yuval Noah Harari in Sapiens

(2) It provides motivation and mental peace by attributing unfairness & justice to almighty [Karma theory] (3) leads to harmony in society eg. charity, good work, social service driven by religious interests! (4) ensure welfare of all

Religion & morality are closely interlinked as religion forms basis of morals (1) eg. touching elders feet → leads to respect to elderly. (2) religion discourages destructive morality → eg. ahimsa → avoiding use of destructive weapons. (3) inculcate values which forms morals of an individual.